The brain stem does not include:
1. medulla
2. pons
3. midbrain
4. cerebral cortex

All the following statements regarding the action potential are true except:
1. Only a relatively small number of ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ions actually diffuse across the membrane.
2. This event includes both positive and negative feedback loops.
3. The ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$/${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ pumps are directly involved in creating the action potential.
4. During an action potential, the ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ total concentration are not significantly changed.

Four healthy people in their twenties got involved in injuries resulting in damage and death of a few cell of the following. Which of the cells are least likely to be replaced by new cells -

1. Osteocytes

2. Liver cells

3. Neurons

4. Malpighian layer of the skin

One of the examples of the action of the autonomous nervous system is -

1. Knee-jerk reponse

2. Pupillary reflex

3. Peristalsis of the intestines

4. Swallowing of food

Which of the following target tissues is innervated by only neurons from the sympathetic nervous system?
1. adrenal medulla
2. lacrimal glands
3. bronchioles
4. iris of the eye

Which brain disease involves degeneration of cholinergic neurons in certain brain regions, causing deterioration of cognitive and intellectual functions in the elderly?
1. Schizophrenia
2. Depression
3. Alzheimer disease
4. Cerebral Palsy

What would happen if you had an unusually short basilar membrane in the cochlea?
1. Your sense of balance would be affected.
2. You would not be able to detect very high frequency sounds.
3. You would not be able to detect very low frequency sounds.
4. All sounds would be muffled

Which statement is not correct concerning rods and cones?
1. Rods are responsible for black and white vision.
2. Cones are responsible for color vision.
3. Most of the rods and cones are concentrated in the fovea.
4. Cones are responsible for high visual acuity or sharpness.

The actual receptors for hearing and balance are the _____.
1. mechanoreceptors
2. otoliths
3. cochlear cells
4. hair cells

The _____ acts to keep one aroused and awake.
1. vasomotor center
2. corpora quadrigemina
3. diencephalon
4. reticular formation