In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
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Identify the correct statements regarding ecological succession:

I:  Usually, secondary succession is faster than primary succession.
II:  Ecological succession involves a change over time in vegetation only.
III:  Natural or human disturbance can convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage.

1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
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Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in: 

I:  Hydrarch succession
II:  Xerarch succession

1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
 92%
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In primary succession in water, the pioneers are normally:
1. Lichens
2. Mosses
3. Phytoplankton
4. Submerged rooted plants

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
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Lichens are very useful pioneers in succession on a bare rock, especially because:
1. they are sensitive to environmental pollution
2. they have various modes of nutrition
3. they help in the formation of soil
4. they would prevent colonization by parasites

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
 76%
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The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:

1.  Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest
2.  Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest
3.  Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest
4.  Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
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The amount of nutrients present in the soil, at any given time, is referred to as:
1. Standing state
2. Standing crop
3. Primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
 80%
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The nutrients in an ecosystem are:

1.  continuously lost from an ecosystem
2.  needed as a continuous supply from the outside
3.  recycled time and again indefinitely
4.  continuously synthesized by physical forces
Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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The reservoir is located in the Earth’s crust for:
I. Gaseous type of nutrient cycle
II. Sedimentary nutrient cycle
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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The function of a reservoir of nutrient cycle is to:
1. synthesize minerals
2. transfer minerals to other ecosystems
3. meet any deficit
4. destroy the unwanted minerals

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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