Match the following and select the correct option :  
(a) Earthworm                       (i) Pioneer species
(b) Succession                      (ii) Detrivore
(c) Ecosystem service           (iii) Natality
(d) Population growth            (iv) Pollination

     a       b       c      d
1. (i)      (ii)    (iii)    (iv)
2. (iv)     (i)    (iii)    (ii)
3. (iii)     (ii)   (iv)    (i)
4. (ii)      (i)    (iv)    (iii)

Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a biotic community is known as:                                                                                                       
1. Stratification
2. Zonation
3. Pyramid
4. Divergence

The mass of living material at a trophic level at a particular time is called:      
1. Standing state
2. Net primary productivity
3. Standing crop
4. Gross primary productivity

In an ecosystem the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is termed as : 
1. Gross primary productivity
2. Secondary productivity
3. Net productivity
4. Net primary productivity

Secondary Succession takes place on/in :  
1. Degraded forest
2. Newly created pond
3. Newly cooled lava
4. Bare rock

Most animals are tree dwellers in a : 
1. thorn woodland
2. temperate deciduous forest
3. tropical rain forest
4.coniferous forest

The term ecosystem was coined by :
1. E. Warming
2. E.P.Odum
3. A.G. Tansley
4. E. Haeckel

The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are
1. coral reefs
2. green algae
3. chemosynthetic bacteria
4.blue-green-algae

Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass
1. Forest ecosystem
2. Grassland ecosystem
3. Pond ecosystem
4. Lake ecosystem

Presence of plants arranged into well-defined vertical layers depending on their height can be seen best in

1. Tropical Savannah
2. Tropical Rain Forest
3. Grassland
4. Temperate Forest