The presence of chloroplasts in guard cells is important because:
1. chloroplasts have a light sensitive receptor to direct stomatal opening.
2. photosynthesis provides the energy necessary for synthesis of cellulose microfibrils.
3. oxygenic photosynthesis produces oxygen necessary to power active transport.
4. ATP is required to power proton pumps in the guard cell membranes.

The Casparian strip ensures that only selective substances may pass through the:
1. root hairs.
2. root cortex.
3. ground tissue.
4. endodermis.

Opening of guard cells is facilitated by:
I. accumulation of potassium accumulates within the guard cell.
II. movement of chloride into the guard cells.
III. membrane potential created by proton pumps.
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II and III

CAM plants are not tall because:
1. tall CAM plants would be unable to move water and minerals to the top of the plant during the day.
2. tall CAM plants would be unable to supply sufficient sucrose for active transport of minerals into the roots during the day or night.
3. night time transpiration will put a lot of demand for water on tall CAM plants.
4. tall CAM plants have a very negative water potential in roots in night as transpiration occurs rapidly in night.

Mangrove plants are able to survive in water logged regions as their pneumatophores have:
1. Stomata
2. Halophytes
3. Parenchyma
4. Lenticels

All the following will be a selective advantage in dry, hot conditions except:
1. CAM pathway
2. reduced leaves with stomata on the lower surface
3. a thick cuticle covering the fleshy leaves
4. mutant unable to produce ABA

“Sink” in the context of phloem transport of sucrose can normally be all the following except:
1. young growing leaf
2. shoot tip
3. storage organ in summer
4. mature leaf

For most plants, in late spring, phloem transports:
1. amino acids from the root source to the symbiotic fungal sink.
2. sugars from the leaf source to the apical meristem sink.
3. nucleic acids from the flower source to the root sink.
4. sugars from the stem source to the root sink.

What causes the water to flow into the sieve tube at the source?
1. Diffusion of sucrose into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic.
2. Active transport of sucrose into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic.
3. Active pumping of water by the adjacent companion cell.
4. A lower water potential outside the sieve tube.

All the following regarding the mechanism of translocation of phloem sap by mass flow hypothesis is true except:
1. At the source, sucrose can be actively transported into phloem.
2. Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap.
3. Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure gradient to be formed.
4. The location of a sink can be anywhere in the plant.