Electron transport chain in mitochondria uses the reduction energy of NADH to move protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane against their concentration gradient. This is an example of:
1. Facilitated diffusion
2. Forward osmosis
3. Primary active transport
4. Secondary active transport

Identify the incorrect statement regarding aquaporins:
1. Water channels are transmembrane proteins made up of eight different types of aquaporins.
2. Water moves most rapidly in tissues that have aquaporin water channels.
3. The presence of water channels increases membrane permeability to water.
4. Aquaporins selectively conduct water molecules in and out of the cell but allow some passage of protons.

Consider the following:
I. Gravitational water
II. Capillary water
III. Hygroscopic water
Which of the above soil waters is/are readily available for plants to use?
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both II and III
4. Both I and III

All the following are true regarding pressure potential except:
1. It is based on mechanical pressure.
2. By creating this pressure, the plant can maintain turgor, which allows the plant to keep its rigidity.
3. The pressure potential in a plant cell is usually negative.
4. In plasmolysed cells, pressure potential is almost zero.

A component of water potential due to the adhesion of water molecules to non-dissolved structures of the system such as soil particles is called as:
1. Matrix potential
2. Gravimetric potential
3. Solute potential
4. Pressure potential

The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determined to be 0.3M. The solution is kept at 27 degree Celsius. The solute potential will be about:
1. - 3.75
2. - 7.48
3. - 9.18
4. 0

Study the given figure where five beakers filled with a solution have a bag with solution of certain molarity suspended in each of them. The bags are made up of semi-permeable membranes.

What would be the correct order of the beakers in order of the mass of bags after 30 minutes have been allowed to run the experiment [bag with smallest mass to be placed first]?
1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2. 1, 5, 2, 3, 4
3. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
4. 2, 1, 5, 3, 4

Study the given diagram and choose the correct statement from the options given below:

1. The beet core in beaker A is at equilibrium with the surrounding water.
2. The beet core in beaker B will lose water to the surrounding environment.
3. The beet core in beaker B would be more turgid than the beet core in beaker A.
4. The beet core in beaker A is likely to gain so much water that its cells will rupture.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding plasmolysis in plant cells:
1. If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the plant cell loses water and hence turgor pressure by plasmolysis.
2. If cytorrhysis occurs the plant will wilt.
3. Plasmolysis can be reversed if the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution in many cases.
4. Convex plasmolysis is always reversible.

Which of the cell would be called as ‘flaccid’?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A and B