Q. No.Hemoglobin in blood can more readily combine with carbon dioxide when blood passes through the tissues. This is due to:
1. Bohr effect.
2. Haldane effect
3. chloride shift
4. Hering-Breuer Reflex
1. Bohr effect.
2. Haldane effect
3. chloride shift
4. Hering-Breuer Reflex
The chloride shift is also known as Hamburger phenomenon and it
1. occurs primarily in pulmonary capillaries.
2. occurs when Cl- replace HCO3- within red blood cells.
3. decreases the formation of bicarbonate ions.
4. decreases the number of hydrogen ions.
The middle ear cavity is connected to the nasopharynx by:
| 1. | auditory tubes | 2. | internal nares |
| 3. | nasolacrimal ducts | 4. | paranasal sinuses |
During swallowing, the food is prevented from entering into the nasal cavity by:
1. hard palate.
2. larynx.
3. fauces.
4. uvula.
What is the correct chronological sequence of the following structures as air passes through them in inhalation?
a. alveolar duct
b. alveolus
c. respiratory bronchiole
d. terminal bronchiole
1. a, b, c, d
2. b, c, d, a
3. c, d, a, b
4. d, c, a, b
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The most negative pressure at the end of normal inspiration would be:
| 1. alveolar | 2. tracheal |
| 3. partial | 4. pleural |
In inspiration during pulmonary ventilation the correct order of the given events is:
a. air flows into the lungs
b. alveolar volume increases
c. thoracic volume increases
d. pleural pressure decreases
e. alveolar pressure decreases
| 1. | a, b, c, d, e | 2. | b, e, a, c, d |
| 3. | c, d, b, e, a | 4. | d, e, b, a, c |
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The volume of air that is available for gas exchange each minute is the
1. minute ventilation
2. anatomical dead air space
3. physiological dead air space
4. alveolar ventilation
When compared with carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air and its solubility in water is respectively:
| 1. lower, lower | 2. lower, higher |
| 3. greater, lower | 4. greater, higher |
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The respiratory system does not:
1. allow oxygen from the air to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave the blood and enter the air.
2. alter the pH by changing oxygen levels.
3. provide protection against some microorganisms by preventing their entry into the body and by removing them from respiratory surfaces.
4. allow for speech and sound generation.
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