Q. No.The efficiency of a respiratory system is enhanced by all the following except:
1.
increasing the surface area available for diffusion of gases
2.
decreasing the distance over which the gases must diffuse
3.
increasing the concentration differences of gases inside and outside the system
4.
drying the system out so the gases do not have to diffuse through water
The most efficient respiratory system amongst the following would be:
1. mammal lungs
2. reptile lungs
3. bird lungs
4. fish gills
The Bohr effect is a physiological phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr. It explains why
1. hemoglobin binds carbon monoxide more readily than oxygen
2. hemoglobin unloads its oxygen when it encounters low pH
3. diffusion occurs so slowly over long distances
4. oxygen is present in the atmosphere in relatively low concentrations
The division of the circulatory system involved in the exchange of gases between interstitial fluid and the blood are:
1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venules
Dyspnea in an asthmatic patient is due to the constriction of the
1. trachea.
2. larynx.
3. terminal bronchioles.
4. alveoli.
Which of the following is most likely to take place during quiet expiration?
1. abdominal muscles relax.
2. diaphragm moves inferiorly.
3. external intercostal muscles contract.
4. thorax and lungs passively recoil.
The lungs are always inflated and do not normally collapse even during expiration because of
1. surfactant.
2. pleural pressure.
3. elastic recoil.
4. both 1 and 2.
The pulmonary function of a person reveals the following values:
a. tidal volume = 500 mL
b. residual volume = 1000 mL
c. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
d. expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
His vital capacity is
| 1. 3000 mL | 2. 3500 mL |
| 3. 4000 mL | 4. 5000 mL |
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The atmospheric air pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg and 20% of it is composed of oxygen. What would be the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?
| 1. | 152 mm Hg | 2. | 40 mm Hg |
| 3. | 104 mm Hg | 4. | 159.6 mm Hg |
Exchange of gases occurs across the respiratory membrane. Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion of a gas across the respiratory membrane?
| 1. | respiratory membrane becomes thicker. |
| 2. | surface area of the respiratory membrane decreases. |
| 3. | partial pressure difference of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases. |
| 4. | diffusion coefficient of the gas decreases. |
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