Q. No.Fight or flight reactions cause activation of
1.
the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate
2.
the kidney, leading to suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
3.
the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
4.
the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels
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Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system?
| 1. | Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus |
| 2. | Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones |
| 3. | Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones |
| 4. | Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland |
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Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom
| Endocrine gland | Hormone | Function/deficiency symptoms | |
| 1. | Anterior pituitary | Oxytocin | Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth |
| 2. | Posterior pituitary | Growth Hormone (GH) | Over-secretion stimulates abnormal growth |
| 3. | Thyroid gland | Thyroxine | Lack of iodine |
| 4. | Corpus luteum | Testosterone | Stimulates spermatogenesis |
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Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?
1. Insulin and glucagon
2. Thyroxine and insulin
3. Somatostatin and oxytocin
4. Cortisol and testosterone
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Match the source gland with its respective hormone as well as the function.
| Source gland | Hormone | Function | |
| 1. | Posterior pituitary | Vasopressin | Stimulates resorption of water in the distal tubules in nephron |
| 2. | Corpus luteum | Oestrogen | Supports pregnancy |
| 3. | Thyroid | Thyroxine | Regulates blood calcium level |
| 4. | Anterior pituitary | Oxytocin | Contraction of uterus muscles during child birth |
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Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following ?
1. Aldosterone
2. Both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone
3. Adrenalin
4. Cortisol
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Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
1. Glucagon - Beta cells (source)
2. Somatostatin - Delta cells (source)
3. Corpus luteum - Relaxin (secretion)
4. Insulin - Diabetes mellitus (disease)
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Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of
1. toxic goitre
2. cretinism
3. simple goitre
4. thyrotoxicosis
A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterized by
(i) a low metabolic rate
(ii) increase in body weight
(iii) tendency to retain water in tissues is
| 1. hypothyroidism | 2. simple goitre |
| 3. myxoedema | 4. cretinism |
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In human adult females, oxytocin
1. is secreted by anterior pituitary
2. Stimulates growth of mammary glands
3. Stimulates pituitary to secrete vasopressin
4. causes strong uterine contractions during parturition
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