Populations at genetic equilibrium [Hardy Weinberg equilibrium]:
1. are very small
2. are not experiencing any natural selection
3. have individuals frequently going out and coming in
4. are mating randomly
Adaptations for evolutionary significance:
1. | develop throughout the lifetime of organisms and are then passed on to their offspring |
2. | develop after a population encounters a change in environment |
3. | are inherited characteristics |
4. | decrease the chances of the organism surviving until maturity |
I: | First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules. |
II: | Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution. |
I. | Paleontological evidence deals with the fossils that are generally found in sedimentary rocks. |
II. | Karl Ernst von Baer said that embryos pass through the adult stages of other animals. |
III. | Homology is based on divergent evolution whereas analogy is based on convergent evolution. |
IV. | The thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita represent homology and Sweet potato and potato represent analogy. |
V. | In industrial melanism, the dark melanic form was repeatedly wiped out but arose again and again by a recurring mutation. |
I | It states that, provided some pre-conditions are met with, allele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation. |
II | Change of frequency of alleles in a population is interpreted as resulting in evolution. |
III | If the change in frequency of alleles in a population occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift. |
IV | In a population at genetic equilibrium if the frequency of recessive allele is 0.3 then about 42% of the population will be heterozygous for the trait. |
V | Natural selection can lead to disruption when more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value. |
1. | Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs |
2. | Analogous structures are a result of divergent evolution |
3. | Sweet potato and potato is an example of homology |
4. | Homology indicates common ancestry |