Q. No.When compared to the initial filtrate formed, human kidneys can produce urine nearly:
1. 2 times concentrated
2. 4 times concentrated
3. 8 times concentrated
4. 10 times concentrated
Consider the two statements:
| Statement I: | Both ADH and aldosterone attempt to decrease urine output. |
| Statement II: | A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher than normal solute concentration in the urine. |
| 1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
| 2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
| 3. | Statement II is incorrect; Statement I is correct |
| 4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
1. Descending limb of loop of Henle
2. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. PCT
4. DCT
1. water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients, and salts
2. blood cells, platelets and proteins
3. albumin, fats and other proteins
4. mainly blood cells
Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: An excessive loss of fluid from the body stimulates the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis.
Reason: An excessive loss of fluid from the body activates the osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true
Statement I: NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta and is returned to the interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta.
Statement II: Small amounts of urea enter the thin segment of the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule.
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
Consider the given two statements:
Statement I: The filtrate gets diluted as it moves down the descending limb of loop of Henle as this part of nephron is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively.
Statement II: The filtrate gets concentrated as it moves up the ascending limb of loop of Henle as this part of nephron is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes.
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion(A): | Some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix to maintain a desired osmolarity. |
| Reason(R): | Urea is less toxic but energetically more expensive to produce than ammonia. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is False |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains the (A) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the (A) |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 1. | The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water. |
| 2. | The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water. |
| 3. | The descending limb of loop of Henle is freely permeable to electrolytes. |
| 4. | The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes. |
| Assertion (A): | Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla. |
| Reason (R): | Juxta medullary nephrons have short-loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle. |
| 1. | (A) is False, (R) is True. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain(A). |
| 4. | (A) is True, (R) is False. |
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