| Assertion (A): | Energy flow in ecosystem is bidirectional. |
| Reason (R): | Energy goes on increasing with each and every trophic level. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| List I | List II |
| A. Lichens | I. Pioneer species |
| B. Invade bare area | II. Hydrosere |
| C. Reed swamp stage | III. Final stable community |
| D. Climax | IV. Lithosere |