What does not cause the proton gradient across the membrane?
1. Splitting of water
2. Moving electrons through photosystems
3. Reduction of NADP
4. Q cycle

Where does the splitting of water take place?
1. Stroma
2. Cytoplasm
3. Thylakoid lumen
4. Plasma membrane

Fill in the blank according to the causes of the proton gradient in photosynthesis :
The ________ accepter of ______, which is located towards the ____ side of the membrane, transfers its electron not to an electron carrier but to an _____.
1. Primary, proton, inner, proton carrier
2. Primary, electron, outer, H carrier
3. Terminal, proton, outer, proton carrier
4. Primary, electron, inner, H carrier

Where does exactly the NADP reductase enzyme located?
1. Thylakoid lumen
2. Thylakoid luminal side of membrane
3. Stromal side of thylakoid membrane
4. Cytoplasm

The protons for the reduction of NADP⁺ are taken from-
1. Stroma
2. Lumen of Thylakoid
3. Cytoplasm
4. Matrix

Within chloroplast, number of protons is less in which compartment?
1. Thylakoid membrane
2. Intermembrane space
3. Stroma
4. Matrix

Which of the following acts as a transmembrane channel?

During chemiosmosis, the transport of proton across the membrane occurs through-
1. Active Transport
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Diffusion
4. both 1 and 2

F₁ of ATPase is located in-
1. Inner surface of plasma membrane
2. Outer surface of thylakoid membrane
3. On the side of thylakoid that faces the stroma
4. both 2 and 3

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of ATP formation during chemiosmosis?
1. ATP hydrolase
2. ATP synthase
3. ATPase
4. ATP synthetase