Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because:

1.  its seeds contain inhibitors that prevent germination.

2.  its embryo is immature.

3.  it has obligate association with mycorrhizae.

4.  it has very hard seed coat.

From evolutionary point of view, retention of the female gametophyte with developing young embryo on the parent sporophyte for some time, is first observed in :

1. Gymnosperms

2. Liverworts

3. Mosses

4. Pteridophytes

Choose the incorrect statement:-

1.  Gametophyte of Gymnosperm are always Dioecious

2.  Sporophyte of Gymnosperm are always heterosporous.

3.  Sporophyte of pteridophytes may be monoecious or dioecious.

4.  Gametophyte of pteridophytes may be monoecious or dioecious.

Choose the incorrect match from following:-

1.  Cycas-branched stem.

2.  Salvinia-heterosporous sporophyte.

3.  Marchantia-Elaters.

4.  Chlorella-used by space travellers.

Assertion: Seeds are formed in Gymnosperms.

Reason: Female gametophyte is retained within megasporangium in Gymnosperms.

Find out the incorrect statement about the
Rhodophyceae.
1. Majority are marine with greater concentrations
found in the warmer areas.

2. They are also found at great depths of oceans
where relatively little light penetrates.

3. Usually reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation.

4. They reproduce asexually by biflagellate
zoospores.

Coralloid roots of gymnosperms are/have
(1) Irregular and possess large number of roots hairs.
(2) Symbiotic association with Rhizobium.
(3) Symbiotic association with N₂ - fixing cyanobacteria. 
(4) VAM

In pteridophytes, gametophyte that develops in the homosporous species is usually
(1) Monoecious and has events, precursor to the seed habit.
(2) Dioecious and does not lead to seed habit.
(3) Monoecious and does not lead to seed habit. 
(4) Dioecious and has events, precursor to the seed habit.

Read the following statements and select the option
with correct statements
(a) In Wolfia, the highly reduced female gametophyte
present within ovule, is embryo sac.
(b) The ploidy level of endosperm in Cycas and
Eucalyptus is triploid.
(c) Azolla is a water fern.
(d) Majority of the red algae are marine with greater
abundance in the warmer areas.
(1) (a) and (b) only         

(2) (b) and (c) only

(3) (a), (b) and (c)

(4) (a), (c) and (d)

Match the classes of pteridophyte given in column-I
with their respective members given in column-II
Column-I Column-II
(A) Psilopsida (i) Selaginella
(B) Lycopsida (ii) Adiantum
(C) Pteropsida (iii) Psilotum
(D) Sphenopsida (iv) Equisetum
Select the correct answer from the following
(1) (A) – (iii), (B) – (i), (C) – (iv), (D) – (ii)
(2) (A) – (i), (B) – (iii), (C) – (ii), (D) – (iv)
(3) (A) – (iii), (B) – (i), (C) – (ii), (D) – (iv) 
(4) (A) – (i), (B) – (iv), (C) – (iii), (D) – (ii)