The only evolutionary agent that produces adaptive evolutionary changes is :

(1) Nonrandom mating

(2) Mutation

(3) Genetic drift

(4) Natural selection

 ............... operates to eliminate intermediate phenotypes.

The selecting agent in industrial melanism was:

Natural selection acts on an organism’s:

At the time early life first formed on Earth, the atmosphere could best be described as:

1. oxidizing

2. reducing

3. rich in oxygen

4. low in hydrogen gas

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

1. Prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes.
2. Eukaryotes evolved before prokaryotes.
3. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved at approximately the same time.
4. It is unclear whether prokaryotes or eukaryotes evolved first

Disruptive selection favors:

1. Both extreme forms of a trait
2. Intermediate forms of a trait
3. One of the extremes of a trait
4. Environmental differences

Which one of the following would cause the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be inaccurate?

1. The size of the population is very large.
2. Individuals mate with one another at random.
3. Natural selection is present.
4. There is no source of new copies of alleles from outside the population.

Which of the following ideas was developed by Thomas Malthus?

1. Peppered moths living near English industrial cities provide a good example of evolution.
2. The diversity of Galápagos finch species is the result of natural selection.
3. Living things often produce far more offspring than are needed to maintain their numbers.
4. Reproductive isolation is pre-condition for speciation

Theory of spontaneous generation of life was conclusively disproved by:

1.  Francesco Redi

2.  Oparin and Haldane

3.  Louis Pasteur

4.  Eldredge and Gould