The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge is called:
1. Convergent evolution
2. Non-random evolution
3. Adaptive radiation
4. Natural selection

Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution -

1. production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning

2. Development of organs from 'stem' cells for organ transplantation

3. Development of transgenic animals

4. Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects

Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of:

1. Analogous organs

2. Adaptive radiation

3. Homologous organs

4. Convergent evolution

Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. 
This is referred to as:

1. Genetic drift

2. Random mating

3. Genetic load

4. Genetic flow

In the case of peppered moth (Biston betularia), the black-coloured form became dominant over the light-coloured form in England during the industrial revolution. This is an example of:

Select the correct statement from the following:

The finches of the Galapagos islands provide evidence in favour of:

1. special creation

2. evolution due to mutation

3. retrogressive evolution

4. biogeographical evolution

An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of:

1. homologous and vestigial organs

2. analogous and vestigial organs

3. homologous organ only

4. analogous organ only

Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries, are:
1. small and directionless
2. random and directional
3. random and directionless
4. small and directional