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Q. No.\(\mathrm{O}_2\) molecule consists of two oxygen atoms. In the molecule, nuclear force between the nuclei of the two atoms:
| 1. | is not important because nuclear forces are short-ranged |
| 2. | is as important as electrostatic force for binding the two atoms |
| 3. | cancels the repulsive electrostatic force between the nuclei |
| 4. | is not important because oxygen nucleus have equal number of neutrons and protons |
Subtopic: Â Nuclear Binding Energy |
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The gravitational force between \(H\text-\)atom and another particle of mass \(m\) will be given by Newton's law \(F=\dfrac{GMm}{r^2},\) where \(r\) is in km and
| 1. | \(M = m_{\text{proton}}+ m_{\text{electron}}.\) |
| 2. | \(M = m_{\text{proton}}+ m_{\text{electron}}-\frac{B}{c^2}\left(B= 13.6~\text{eV}\right)\). |
| 3. | \(M\) is not related to the mass of the hydrogen atom. |
| 4. | \(M = m_{\text{proton}}+ m_{\text{electron}}-\frac{|V|}{c^2}(|V|=\) magnitude of the potential energy of electron in the \(H\text-\)atom). |
Subtopic: Â Nuclear Binding Energy |
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When a nucleus in an atom undergoes a radioactive decay, the electronic energy levels of the atom:
| 1. | do not change for any type of radioactivity |
| 2. | change for \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\text-\)radioactivity but not for \(\gamma\text-\)radioactivity |
| 3. | change for \(\alpha\text-\)radioactivity but not for others |
| 4. | change for \(\beta\text-\)radioactivity but not for others |
Subtopic: Â Types of Decay |
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Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen whose nucleus triton contains \(2\) neutrons and \(1\) proton. Free neutrons decay into\(p+e^{-1}+\nu^{-1}.\) If one of the neutrons in Triton decays, it would transform into \(\mathrm{He}^{3}\) nucleus. This does not happen. This is because:
| 1. | triton energy is less than that of a \(\mathrm{He}^{3}\) nucleus. |
| 2. | the electron created in the beta decay process cannot remain in the nucleus. |
| 3. | both the neutrons in Triton have to decay simultaneously resulting in a nucleus with \(3\) protons, which is not a \(\mathrm{He}^{3}.\) nucleus. |
| 4. | free neutrons decay due to external perturbations which is absent in the Triton nucleus. |
Subtopic: Â Types of Decay |
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\(M_x\) and \(M_y\) denote the atomic masses of the parent and the daughter nuclei respectively in radioactive decay. The \(Q\text -\)value for a \(\beta^{-}\) decay is \(Q_1\) and that for a \(\beta^{+}\) decay is \(Q_2.\) If \(m_e\) denotes the mass of an electron, then which of the following statements is correct?
1. \(Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y\right) c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left[M_x-M_y-2 m_e\right] c^2 \)
2. \( Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y\right) c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left(M_x-M_y\right) c^2 \)
3. \(Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y-2 m_e\right)c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left(M_x-M_y+2 m_e\right) c^2 \)
4. \(Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y+2 m_e\right) c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left(M_x-M_y+2 m_e\right) c^4 \)
Subtopic: Â Nuclear Binding Energy |
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In a nuclear reactor, moderators slow down the neutrons which come out in a fission process. The moderator used have light nuclei. Heavy nuclei will not serve the purpose, because:
| 1. | they will break up |
| 2. | elastic collision of neutrons with heavy nuclei will not slow them down |
| 3. | the net weight of the reactor would be unbearably high |
| 4. | substances with heavy nuclei do not occur in the liquid or gaseous state at room temperature |
Subtopic: Â Nuclear Energy |
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Fusion processes, like combining two deuterons to form a \(\mathrm{He}\)-nucleus are impossible at ordinary temperatures and pressure. The reasons for this can be traced to the fact:
Choose the correct option:
1. (a), (c)
2. (a), (d)
3. (b), (d)
4. (a), (b)
| (a) | nuclear forces have short-range. |
| (b) | nuclei are positively charged. |
| (c) | the original nuclei must be completely ionized before fusion can take place. |
| (d) | the original nuclei must first break up before combining with each other. |
Choose the correct option:
1. (a), (c)
2. (a), (d)
3. (b), (d)
4. (a), (b)
Subtopic: Â Nuclear Energy |
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