Q. No.Which of the following ecosystem characteristics that changes during succession is not correctly matched?
Characteristics
Seral stages
Climax
1.
Size of individuals
Small
Large
2.
Ecological niches
Few, generalized
Many, specialized
3.
Food chains and webs
Simple
Complex
4.
Efficiency of energy use
High
Low
Characteristics
Seral stages
Climax
1.
Size of individuals
Small
Large
2.
Ecological niches
Few, generalized
Many, specialized
3.
Food chains and webs
Simple
Complex
4.
Efficiency of energy use
High
Low
The correct sequence in primary hydrarch succession in early seral stages would be:
| 1. | Submerged plant – Submerged free-floating plant – Reed swamp – Marsh meadow |
| 2. | Submerged free-floating plant – Submerged plant – Reed swamp – Marsh meadow |
| 3. | Submerged plant – Submerged free-floating plant – Marsh meadow – Reed swamp |
| 4. | Submerged free-floating plant – Reed swamp – Submerged plant – Marsh meadow |
| Assertion (A): | We generally undervalue the magnitude of ecosystem services that benefits us. |
| Reason (R): | We do not attach a monetary value to the services of natural ecosystems. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
- If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
- If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
- If the assertion is true but the reason is false
- If both the assertion and reason are false
Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems because:
| 1. | the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere is low |
| 2. | atmospheric nitrogen is primarily in the stratosphere |
| 3. | dinitrogen cannot be used directly by the organisms |
| 4. | there are regional fluctuations in nitrogen levels in the atmosphere |
A primary consumer amongst the following would be:
| 1. | an autotroph | 2. | a horse parasite |
| 3. | an oak tree parasite | 4. | a wolf |
Top predators are especially endangered primarily because:
1. The population size would be small
2. Their food requirement is huge
3. They are more prone to diseases
4. They are usually outcompeted by prey
What is the percent of atmospheric carbon dioxide that is fixed annually by photosynthesis?
1. 70%
2. 36%
3. 10%
4. 1%
Choose the correct chronological order [lowest to highest] of the production efficiency of the given animals:
| 1. | mammals, fish, insects | 2. | insects, fish, mammals |
| 3. | fish, insects, mammals | 4. | insects, mammals, fish |
A herbivore eats 4,000 J of plant material. 2200 J is indigestible and is eliminated as feces. 1,600 J are used in cellular respiration. What is the approximate production efficiency of this animal?
| 1. | 1% | 2. | 5% |
| 3. | 10% | 4. | 50% |
The productivity in an aquatic ecosystem is least likely to be limited by:
| 1. | nitrogen | 2. | carbon |
| 3. | phosphorus | 4. | iron |
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