The price tag put by researchers on the annual ecosystem services is about:
1. USD 11 trillion
2. USD 22 trillion
3. USD 33 trillion
4. USD 44 trillion

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. Carnivores -- secondary or tertiary consumer
2. Decomposers -- microbial heterotrophs
3. Herbivores -- primary consumer
4. Omnivores -- molds, yeasts and mushrooms

The process of mineralization by micro-organisms helps in the release of:

Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of :
i. $(\mathrm{kcal} {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}) {\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$
ii. $\mathrm{g} {\mathrm{m}}^{-2} {\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$
iii. $\mathrm{g} {\mathrm{m}}^{-1} {\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$
iv. $(\mathrm{kcal} {\mathrm{m}}^{-2}) {\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$

Pyramid of numbers is :
1. Always upright
2. Always inverted
3. Either upright or inverted
4. Neither upright nor inverted

Among the following, where do you think the process of decomposition would be the fastest?

During the process of ecological succession, the changes that take place in communities are :
1. Orderly and sequential
2. Random
3. Very quick
4. Not influenced by the physical environment

Climax community is in a state of :
1. Non-equilibrium
2. Equilibrium
3. Disorder
4. Constant change

If the carbon atoms fixed by producers already have passed through three species, the trophic level of the last species would be