Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time, best called as:
1. | Biomass | 2. | Standing state |
3. | Standing crop | 4. | Gross productivity |
Approximately, what percent of energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level in an ecosystem?
1. | 1 | 2. | 10 |
3. | 50 | 4. | 90 |
Identify the correct statements:
I: | Only a few individuals can be taken into account at any trophic level and the deductions may be generalised. |
II: | Trophic level is a functional level and does not represent a species. |
III: | A given species may occupy more than one trophic level in the same ecosystem at the same time. |
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II, III and IV |
Ecological succession is:
1. gradual and predictable
2. gradual and unpredictable
3. sudden and predictable
4. sudden and unpredictable
The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called:
1. Taxa
2. Seres
3. Pioneers
4. Climax
Ecological succession has paralleled:
1. Glaciations
2. Mass extinctions
3. Genetic drifts
4. Evolution
In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland
Identify the correct statements regarding ecological succession:
I: | Usually, secondary succession is faster than primary succession. |
II: | Ecological succession involves a change over time in vegetation only. |
III: | Natural or human disturbance can convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage. |
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in:
I: | Hydrarch succession |
II: | Xerarch succession |
1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II
The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:
1. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
2. | Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
3. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
4. | Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest |