‘Realized niche’ of an organism can be best described as:
1. | the area a species can occupy in the face of exploitive competition |
2. | the habitat of a species within a community resulting from clumping |
3. | the habitat that exists in nature as opposed to the ideal |
4. | the life pattern that the organism actually assumes |
The competitive exclusion principle can be best expressed as:
1. | the more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species through competition |
2. | competition for the same resources excludes species having different lifestyles |
3. | no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely when resources are limited |
4. | larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition as in the case of large trees controlling underbrush |
A parasitism that does not involve feeding on the body of the host is:
1. | ectoparasitism | 2. | endoparasitism |
3. | parasitoids | 4. | brood parasitism |
The adaptation that a prey species avoid being detected by a predator would be:
1. Mullerian mimicry
2. Batesian mimicry
3. aposematic coloration
4. cryptic coloration
The chemical defence produced by plants against herbivory are:
1. | primary metabolites | 2. | secondary metabolites |
3. | cofactors | 4. | pollens |
All the following are symbiotic relations except:
1. monarch butterflies and viceroy butterflies
2. lichens
3. mycorrhizae
4. tapeworms and humans
The two species physically interfere with one another by aggressively attempting to exclude one another from particular habitats in:
1. | competitive exclusion | 2. | predation |
3. | exploitative competition | 4. | interference competition |
Monarch butterflies are toxic and unpalatable to predators because they:
1. | incorporate the toxic chemicals from the milkweed they eat |
2. | produce their own secondary compounds |
3. | break down the toxic chemicals from the milkweed they eat |
4. | live with symbionts that secret toxins |
Cryptically colored animals are most likely:
1. | Batesian mimics | 2. | is palatable to predators |
3. | aquatic | 4. | top predators |
Number of species in a community is an indicator of its:
1. | spatial heterogeneity | 2. | ecosystem productivity |
3. | species diversity | 4. | species richness |