A process in which the fitness of one species is significantly lower in the presence of another species, is termed as :

1.	Predation	2.	Parasitism
3.	Competition	4.	Amensalism

Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos islands became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced on the island due to:
1. Habitat fragmentation
2. Better browsing efficiency of goats
3. Predator of goat attacking tortoise
4. Virus of goats parasitizing tortoise

“Competitive Exclusion Principle” may be true if:

One mechanism that promotes co-existence rather than exclusion amongst competing species is:

Cuckoos laying their eggs in the nests of crow is an example of:

An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of:

All the following relations are examples of commensalism except:

In mycorrhiza, the fungi help the plant in:
1. Synthesis of high energy carbohydrates
2. Absorption of essential nutrients from the soil
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Biocontrol of pathogens

The fig tree is pollinated by a:

To get pollinated by a bee, the Mediterranean Orchid, Ophrys, employs:
1. Sexual deceit
2. Pseudo-copulation
3. Reward in the form of nectar
4. Place for laying eggs