The functional unit of the human kidney is the:

1.	glomerulus	2.	Malpighian body
3.	nephron	4.	medullary pyramids

The vascular endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocytes in the inner lining of Bowman’s capsule form:

A series of straight capillaries in the medulla that lie parallel to the loop of Henle are called:

About what percent of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed by the tubules during urine formation?

10 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures in the human kidney are seen in renal ______ and are known as renal ____________.

All of the following regarding juxtamedullary nephrons in human kidneys are correct except:

1. the entire nephron is located in the superficial cortex of the kidney

2. the renal corpuscle comprises a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule

3. blood arrives at the glomerular capillaries via an afferent arteriole

4. the proximal convoluted tubule leads into a long nephron loop

The part of the nephron where both hydrogen and potassium ions are secreted into the tubular fluid is the

Specialized smooth muscle cells mainly in the walls of the afferent arterioles called the Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

The hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, when stimulated by angiotensin II, that causes increased sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, is:

Refer the given figure of nephron.

Identify A, B, C, and D and select the correct option regarding them.