The presence of which of the following in urine would be abnormal?

1. sodium	2. glucose
3. urea	4. creatinine

The major site for the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the nephron is the:

Urine from the major calyces in the kidney is collected by:

The functional unit of the human kidney is the:

The vascular endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocytes in the inner lining of Bowman’s capsule form:

A series of straight capillaries in the medulla that lie parallel to the loop of Henle are called:

About what percent of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed by the tubules during urine formation?

10 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures in the human kidney are seen in renal ______ and are known as renal ____________.

All of the following regarding juxtamedullary nephrons in human kidneys are correct except:

1. the entire nephron is located in the superficial cortex of the kidney

2. the renal corpuscle comprises a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule

3. blood arrives at the glomerular capillaries via an afferent arteriole

4. the proximal convoluted tubule leads into a long nephron loop

The part of the nephron where both hydrogen and potassium ions are secreted into the tubular fluid is the