Q. No.All the following are secreted by the tubules of nephrons except:
1. Sodium ions
2. Potassium ions
3. Uric acid
4. Hydrogen ions
During the concentration of urine, the medullary interstitial osmolality is increased by all the following except:
| 1. | Solute reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
| 2. | Sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule |
| 3. | Urea reabsorption from the proximal tubule |
| 4. | Urea recycling between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct |
A hormone formed in the blood that causes vasoconstriction is:
| 1. Renin | 2. Aldosterone |
| 3. Angiotensin | 4. Vasopressin |
The collecting ducts become permeable to water and urea due to:
| 1. Aldosterone | 2. Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| 3. Renin | 4. ADH (vasopressin) |
Identify the correct statement regarding human kidney function if ADH is not secreted in the body:
| 1. | Urine will be isoosmotic with plasma. |
| 2. | PCT will not be able to reabsorb water and sodium. |
| 3. | The collecting ducts have very low permeability to water. |
| 4. | The distal tubules secrete water. |
Increased stretching of the atrial wall, due to increased atrial blood volume, stimulates the release of:
| 1. aldosterone | 2. ADH |
| 3. atrial natriuretic hormone | 4. renin |
ADH will not be secreted due to:
1. ingesting more water than is needed to balance water loss
2. stimulation of hypothalamic osmoreceptors
3. loss of body fluid
4. increased blood osmolarity
A diuretic:
1. causes water retention
2. increases urine output
3. prevents water excretion in the urine
4. reduces insensible water loss from the body
Identify the correctly matched pair:
| 1. thirst center: hypothalamus | 2. macula densa: afferent arteriole |
| 3. rennin: JG cells | 4. aldosterone: adrenal medulla |
Recessed central fissure on the medial surface of the kidney where its vessels, nerves and ureter pass is called as:
| 1. | hilum | 2. | renal sinus |
| 3. | renal calyces | 4. | adrenal glands |
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