Q. No.The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus constitute the:
1. Malpighian tubule
2. Renal corpuscle
3. Nephron
4. Collecting system
The presence of which of the following in urine is considered as ‘normal’?
| 1. Sodium ions | 2. Protein |
| 3. Glucose | 4. RBC |
Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus:
1. Uremia and Renal Calculi
2. Ketonuria and Glycosuria
3. Renal Calculi and Hyperglycaemia
4. Uremia and Ketonuria
Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?
1. Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules to aldosterone
2. Atrial natriuretic factor causing vasoconstriction
3. Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells
4. More water reabsorption due to under-secretion of ADH
When the kidneys are eliminating a concentrated urine, NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by:
1. Thick segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. Ascending limb of the vasa recta
4. Descending limb of the vasa recta
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
|
1. |
Ureotelism |
Marine fishes |
|
2. |
Ammonotelism |
Many bony fishes |
|
3. |
Protonephridia |
Amphioxus |
|
4. |
Prawn |
Malpighian tubules |
Match the parts of the nephron in Column I with function/feature in Column II and select the answer from the codes given:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | PCT | a. | Maximum reabsorption of water and electrolytes |
| B. | Loop of Henle - descending limb | b. | Permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes |
| C. | Loop of Henle - ascending limb | c. | Impermeable to water but permeable to electrolytes |
| D. | DCT | d. | Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water |
Codes
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | a | b | c | d |
| 2. | b | a | d | c |
| 3. | a | b | d | c |
| 4. | b | a | d | c |
An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate the osmoreceptors leading to the secretion of:
1. Angiotensinogen from the liver
2. ADH from the hypothalamus
3. Renin from the juxtaglomerular cells
4. Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
| 1. | glucose | 2. | sodium |
| 3. | uric acid | 4. | phosphate |
The functions of human kidneys do not include:
1. Secretion of renin to regulate GFR and blood pressure.
2. Activating vitamin D.
3. Site of maximum gluconeogenesis in the body.
4. Production of erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow.
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