Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:

1.	It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
2.	It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients
3.	In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla
4.	It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids

Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:

The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is lined by:
1. simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium
2. simple ciliated columnar epithelium
3. compound cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
4. simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium

In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:

The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:

Most renal calculi are:

An excessive loss of body fluid can:

Urine in ureter is drained directly from:

Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes can be eliminated through:

Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH