Q. No.JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:
1.
DCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact
2.
DCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact
3.
PCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact
4.
PCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact
Protonephridia are the excretory structures in all the following except:
| 1. Planaria | 2. Rotifers |
| 3. Amphioxus | 4. Prawns |
Beginning from the collecting duct, arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes to the external environment: (A) ureter, (B) renal pelvis, (C) calyx, (D) urinary bladder, (E) urethra.
| 1. A, B, C, D, E | 2. C, D, A, E, B |
| 3. C, B, A, D, E | 4. B, D, A, C, E |
Where do you expect to find podocytes?
1. In the wall of afferent arteriole
2. In the wall of the DCT
3. In the lining of Bowman’s capsule
4. In the lining of Vasa recta
The main physiological stimulus for vasopressin release is
| 1. Blood volume | 2. Plasma osmolality |
| 3. Blood pressure | 4. Stroke volume |
The average weight of the human kidney varies between:
| 1. 80 – 120 gm | 2. 120 – 170 gm |
| 3. 180 – 200 gm | 4. 225 – 245 gm |
A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:
| 1. | Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 2. | Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle |
| 3. | Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 4. | Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle |
A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. Afferent arteriole | 2. Efferent arteriole |
| 3. Vasa recta | 4. Arcuate artery |
Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:
| 1. | 125 ml/minute | 2. | 200 ml/minute |
| 3. | 280 ml/minute | 4. | 325 ml/minute |
Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH
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