I. Alveolar epithelium | II. Vascular endothelium |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
I: | The factors are all favourable for the formation of oxyhemoglobin. |
II: | Carbon dioxide trapped as bicarbonate at the tissue level is released out as carbon dioxide. |
1. | Partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air | 104 mm Hg |
2. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in deoxygenated blood | 45 mm Hg |
3. | Transport of carbon dioxide in blood as bicarbonate | 70 % |
4. | Transport of carbon dioxide as carbaminohemoglobin | 7 % |
1. | Inspiratory capacity | Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume |
2. | Expiratory capacity | Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume |
3. | Functional residual capacity | Residual volume + Inspiratory reserve volume |
4. | Vital capacity | Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume |
1. | Tidal volume in a healthy human adult | About 500 ml |
2. | Partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood | 159 mm Hg |
3. | Resting respiratory rate in a healthy adult | 12 to 16 per minute |
4. | Percent of carbon dioxide transported as bicarbonate in the blood | 70 |
1. | Every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver around 5 ml of oxygen to the tissue under normal physiological conditions. |
2. | Oxygen gas has most potent effect on the central chemoreceptors and plays most vital role in regulation of respiration |
3. | Nearly 70 percent of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate in the blood. |
4. | Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood delivers about 4 ml of carbon dioxide to the alveoli. |
Tidal Volume | 400 ml |
Expiratory reserve volume | 1000 ml |
Inspiratory reserve volume | 2500 ml |
Residual volume | 1000 ml |
1. | 2000 ml and 3900 ml | 2. | 2000 ml and 4900 ml |
3. | 1400 ml and 3900 ml | 4. | 1400 ml and 4900 ml |
Assertion (A): | The amount of carbon dioxide that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher compared to that of oxygen. |
Reason (R): | The solubility of carbon dioxide is 20 – 25 times lower than that of oxygen. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Column I | Column II | ||
a. | Tidal volume | (i) | 2500-3000 mL |
b. | Inspiratory Reserve | (ii) | 1100-1200 mL |
c. | Expiratory Reserve | (iii) | 500-550 mL |
d. | Residual volume | (iv) | 1000-1100 mL |
a | b | c | d | |
1. | iii | ii | i | iv |
2. | iii | i | iv | ii |
3. | i | iv | ii | iii |
4. | iv | iii | ii | i |
Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively?
1. Inflammation of bronchioles; decreased respiratory surface
2. Increased number of bronchioles; increased respiratory surface
3. Increased respiratory surface; inflammation of bronchioles
4. Decreased respiratory surface; inflammation of bronchioles