Match the items in Column - I with those in Column - II:
Column I | Column II | ||
(a) | Podocytes | (i) | Crystallised oxalate |
(b) | Protonephridia | (ii) | Annelids |
(c) | Nephridia | (iii) | Amphioxus |
(d) | Renal calculi | (iv) | Filtration slits |
(a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
1. | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
2. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
3. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
4. | (iv) | (ii) | (iii) | (i) |
Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in:
(a) | Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body |
(b) | Non-elimination of excess potassium ions |
(c) | Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract |
(d) | Reduced RBC production |
Which of the following options is the most appropriate?
1. (a) and (d) are correct
2. (a) and (b) are correct
3. (b) and (c) are correct
4. (c) and (d) are correct
Consider the following four statements (A-D) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rats:
A. | they have a dark colour and a high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine. |
B. | they do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water, and have their body covered with thick hairs. |
C. | they feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water. |
D. | they excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature. |
Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?
1. | C and D | 2. | B and C |
3. | C and A | 4. | A and B |
Consider the following four statements (a–d) regarding kidney transplant and select the two correct ones out of these:
(a) | Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immunosuppressants for a long time |
(b) | The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection |
(c) | The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft |
(d) | The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons |
The two correct statements are:
1. (b) and (c)
2. (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (a) and (b)
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I | Column II | ||
a. | Glycosuria | i. | Accumulation of uric acid in joints |
b. | Gout | ii. | Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney |
c. | Renal calculi | iii. | Inflammation in glomeruli |
d. | Glomerulonephritis | iv. | Presence of glucose in urine |
Options:
a | b | c | d | |
1. | iii | ii | iv | i |
2. | i | ii | iii | iv |
3. | ii | iii | i | iv |
4. | iv | i | ii | iii |
The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to:
(i) | Close proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta |
(ii) | Counter current mechanism |
(iii) | Selective secretion of HCO3¯ and hydrogen ions in PCT |
(iv) | Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries |
1. | Only (ii) | 2. | (iii) and (iv) |
3. | (i), (ii) and (iii) | 4. | (i) and (ii) |
(a) | Angiotensin II activates the cortex of adrenal gland to release aldosterone. |
(b) | Aldosterone leads to increase in blood pressure. |
(c) | ANF acts as a check on renin-angiotensin mechanism. |
(d) | ADH causes vasodilation. |
(e) | Vasopressin is released from adenohypophysis. |