The mechanism of sex determination in grasshoppers is:
| 1. | XX – XY; male heterogamety |
| 2. | XX – XY; female heterogamety |
| 3. | XX – XO; male heterogamety |
| 4. | XX – XO; female heterogamety |
In birds, the mechanism of sex determination is:
| 1. | XX – XY; male heterogamety |
| 2. | ZZ – ZW; female heterogamety |
| 3. | XX – XO; male heterogamety |
| 4. | ZZ – ZW; male heterogamety |