For the stability of the organic compounds, Oparin opined that, probably:
| 1. | UV radiation never reached the surface of the primeval Earth |
| 2. | the primeval Earth was in a molten state |
| 3. | the primeval Earth atmosphere was reducing rather than oxidizing |
| 4. | plenty of energy sources were available for chemical reactions to occur |
| Assertion(A): | In England, before industrialisation set in, it was observed that there were more white-winged moths on trees than dark-winged or melanised moths. |
| Reason(R): | Melanic form arose from a mutation only after the onset of industrial revolution. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| Assertion (A): | Evolution is a stochastic process. |
| Reason (R): | Evolution is based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |