| A. | In both parasitism and commensalism, only one species benefits and the other species is harmed. |
| B. | Both species benefit in mutualism. |
| C. | Both species benefit in commensalism. |
| D. | In parasitism, only one species benefits and the other species is harmed |
| E. | In amensalism, one species is harmed and the other is unaffected. |
| 1. | A and D only | 2. | A and B only |
| 3. | B and E only | 4. | B, D and E only |
| Assertion (A): | Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos islands became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced. |
| Reason (R): | Goats were more efficient at browsing than Abingdon tortoise. |
| 1. | (A) is not correct but (R)is correct |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | (A) is correct but (R) is not correct |
| Assertion (A): | The logistic growth model of populations is considered more realistic than the exponential growth model. |
| Reason (R): | Resources are finite. |
| 1. | (A)is not correct but (R) is correct |
| 2. | Both (A)and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | (A) is correct but (R) is not correct |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Both species are harmed | I. | Predation |
| B. | One species is harmed and the other is benefited | II. | Mutualism |
| C. | Both species are benefited | III. | Competition |
| D. | One is benefited while the other has no effect | IV. | Commensalism |
| 1. | Predation | 2. | Amensalism |
| 3. | Commensalism | 4. | Mutualism |
| Statement I: | Fig fruit is a non-vegetarian fruit as it has enclosed fig wasps in it. |
| Statement II: | Fig wasp and fig tree exhibit mutual relationship as fig wasp completes its life cycle in fig fruit and fig fruit gets pollinated by fig wasp. |
| 1. | Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect |
| 2. | Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct |
| 3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect |
| 1. | \(\frac{d \mathrm{~N}}{d t}=r N\left(\frac{N-K}{N}\right) \) | 2. | \(\frac{d N}{d t}=N\left(\frac{r-K}{K}\right) \) |
| 3. | \(\frac{d N}{d t}=r\left(\frac{K-N}{K}\right) \) | 4. | \(\frac{d N}{d t}=r N\left(\frac{K-N}{K}\right)\) |