| 1. | \(I\) | 2. | \(3I\) |
| 3. | \(16I\) | 4. | \(25I\) |
| Assertion (A): | Two separate lamps cannot produce a stable, visible interference pattern on the screen, even if they emit monochromatic light of identical wavelengths. |
| Reason (R): | Any two ordinary lamps are not coherent, even though they emit light of the same wavelength. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |

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In Lloyd's mirror experiment, we generate one source by reflection because we need sources:
1. producing light of the same intensities
2. producing light of the same wavelength
3. coherent in nature
4. incoherent in nature
| 1. | \(\dfrac{(2n-1)\lambda}{4}\) | 2. | \(2n \lambda \) |
| 3. | \(\dfrac{(2n-1)\lambda}{2}\) | 4. | \(n \lambda\) |
| Assertion (A): | If two identical (monochromatic) sodium vapour lamps \(S_1,S_2\) are switched on, and the light from these sources are allowed to fall on a screen – no fringes will be visible. |
| Reason (R): | Light from two independent sodium vapour lamps are incoherent and therefore will not have a constant phase difference between them. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |