The component of the 30S small subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome that binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is:
1. 5 S
2. 16 S
3. 23 S
4. 28 s

In which of the following bacterial cells will the flagellar insertion be termed as lophotrichous ?

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Identify the incorrect statement regarding endospores in bacteria:
1. An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria and archaea.
2. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients, and usually occurs in gram-positive bacteria.
3. The endospore consists of the bacterium's DNA, ribosomes and large amounts of dipicolinic acid.
4. When favorable conditions return, a large number of cells are produced as a result of endospore germination.

Consider the given two statements:
I. Lugol's iodine solution is always added after addition of crystal violet in Gram staining.
II. Lugol’s iodine helps in counter-staining, if required.

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

If a species of bacteria has multiple strains but only some are pathogenic, it is likely that unlike the non-pathogenic strains, the pathogenic strains will have:
1. Plasmids
2. Lipopolysaccharide
3. Pili
4. Flagellum

A genophore is the DNA of a prokaryote. Though it is commonly referred to as a prokaryotic chromosome, the term “chromosome” is misleading, because:
1. the genophore lacks chromatin
2. the genophore is circular rather than linear
3. the genophore replicates without telomeres
4. the genophore is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

Consider the given two statements:
I. Carboxysomes are thought to have evolved as a consequence of the increase in oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere
II. Oxygen is a competing substrate to carbon dioxide in the RuBisCO reaction

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a diameter of 6 nm and made up of a single type of monomer are known as :
1. Microtubules
2. Microfilaments
3. Intermediate filaments
4. Lamins

The stain used to visualise mitochondria is
1. Fast green
2. Safranin
3. Acetocarmine
4. Janus green 

Consider the given two statements:
I. Even though mitochondria possess ribosomes similar to the bacterial ones, mitochondria are not affected by the antibiotics that affect bacteria
II. Oxygen in mitochondria inactivates these antibiotic molecules

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect