Genetically engineered plants are generated in laboratory by altering their genetic makeup. This is done by adding one or more genes to a plant’s genome by

1. Biolistic method or Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation
2. DNA injection or heat shock method
3. Fusing liposomes to intact plant cells
4. Bacillus thuringiensis mediated transformation

Method of gene transfer that involves use of electrical impulses of high field strength to increase permeability of membrane by creating transient pores in it, is

All the following are transformation procedures except

1. Microinjection

2. Biolistics

3. Spooling

4. Electroporation

Following are vectorless gene transfer except one. Mark the except one

To transform a bacterial cell with recombinant DNA, which of the following is required?

Which of the following is/are not indirect method/ s of gene transfer?

Options

1. a & b              
2. b & c
3. d & e              
4. c, d & e