Within the renal tubule, two hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of the urine. The hormone ____ regulates sodium reabsorption, while ______ regulates water reabsorption.
1. aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. cortisol; atrial natriuretic peptide
3. renin; angiotensin II
4. antidiuretic hormone (ADH); epinephrine

The greater the number of blood vessels dilated, the ________.
1. higher the blood pressure
2. lower the blood pressure
3. faster the heartbeat
4. slower the heartbeat

An increase in the blood flow to the atria of the heart can cause the release of:

1. Erythropoeitin

2. Atrial natriuretic factor

3. Renin

4. Aldosterone

The targets of angiotensin II are blood vessels and:

JGA is formed by

1. Cellular modifications in the DCT and efferent arterioles’ contact region

2. Cellular modifications in the PCT and efferent arterioles's contact region

3. Cellular modifications in the PCT and afferent arterioles's contact region

4. Cellular modifications in the DCT and afferent arterioles's contact region

Which of the following physiological changes is not associated with Renin– Angiotensin-Aldosterone system?

1. Increase in GFR
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Increase in blood aldosterone level
4. Increase in tubular secretion

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:

1. DCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

2. DCT and the Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

3. PCT and Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

4. PCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates:

1. Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

2. Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

3. Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin

4. Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted

tubule?

1. Increase in aldosterone levels

2. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels

3. Decrease in aldosterone levels

4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels