The type of phyllotaxy seen in most angiosperms is:
1. Alternate
2. Opposite
3. Whorled
4. Random

A plant treated with a fungicide may develop:
1. Loss of root hair
2. Inhibition of transport proteins in root cells
3. Deficiency of mineral
4. Formation of root knots

For most crops a leaf area index is common up to:
1. 1
2. 7
3. 10
4. 14

The apoplast pathway in plants includes all the following except:
1. the lumen of a xylem vessel
2. the lumen of a sieve tube
3. the lumen of tracheids
4. the cell wall of a root hair

The ions that plays the primary role in basic transport processes in plant cells is:
1. ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$
2. ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$
3. ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$
4. ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$

Osmosis in plants would not be affected by:
1. water potential gradient
2. a difference in solute concentrations
3. type of cell membrane receptor proteins
4. number of aquaporins

Active transport of substances does not involve:
1. transport of solute along the concentration gradient.
2. use of a specific membrane transport protein.
3. hydrolysis of ATP.
4. transport of solute against a concentration gradient.

The proton pump in the plasma membrane of a plant cell does not:
1. hydrolyze ATP
2. establish a proton gradient across the membrane
3. generate a membrane potential
4. equalize the charge on each side of a membrane

The direction of water movement in plants can always be predicted by measuring:
1. pressure potential
2. number of aquaporins
3. proton gradients
4. water potential (ψ)

The water potential (Ψ) of pure water in a container open to atmosphere under standard conditions is:
1. -0.1 MPa.
2. +0.1 MPa.
3. +0.5 MPa.
4. 0.0.