Assertion: In humans none of the lipases act in an acidic pH.
Reason: All lipases require bile salts for their activation.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: In the fetus, the liver does not perform the normal digestive processes.
Reason: In infants nutrients are received directly from the mother via the placenta.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Submandibular glands contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion
Reason: Submandibular glands are the largest salivary glands.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Assertion: In the stomach, chief cells release pepsinogen and not pepsin.
Reason: This zymogen is activated by hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is released from parietal cells in the stomach lining.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Defecation is frequently accompanied by urination.
Reason: During defecation, the external sphincter muscles relax.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Secretin is released into circulation in response to low duodenal pH.
Reason: Secretin primarily functions to neutralize the pH in the duodenum, allowing digestive enzymes from the pancreas to function optimally.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The muscularis externa of the stomach is unique from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Reason: It does not have the Auerbach’s or myeneteric plexus.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach.
Reason: It acts on enterochromaffin like cells that release histamine which stimulates the parietal cells.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The defining sign of kwashiorkor in a malnourished child is pitting edema (swelling of the ankles and feet).
Reason: Kwashiorkor is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The active absorption of calcium in the intestine requires the presence of Vitamin D.
Reason: Vitamin D is activated in kidney under the influence of parathyroid hormone.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.