Q. No.Which two of the following changes (1-4) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
(a) Increase in red blood cell size
(b) Increase in red blood cell production
(c) Increased breathing rate
(d) Increase in thrombocyte count
1. (b) and (c)
2. (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (d)
4. (a) and (b)
(b) Increase in red blood cell production
(c) Increased breathing rate
(d) Increase in thrombocyte count
2. (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (d)
4. (a) and (b)
What is vital capacity of our lungs?
1. Inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume
2. Total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve volume
3. Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume
4. Total lung capacity minus residual volume
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The haemoglobin of a human foetus
1. has a lower affinity for oxygen than that of the adult
2. has the same affinity for oxygen as that of an adult
3. has only 2 protein subunits instead of 4
4. has a higher affinity for oxygen than that of an adult
People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude:
1. people get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available
2. atmospheric O2 level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O2 to survive
3. there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production
4. people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
The majority of carbon dioxide produced by our body cells is transported to the lungs:
1. dissolved in the blood
2. as bicarbonates
3. as carbonates
4. attached to haemoglobin
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Consider the following statements:
| I: | The diffusing capacity of CO2 across the respiratory membrane is higher than that of O2 |
| II: | The presence of Hb increases the efficiency of O2 transport by about 10 times. |
| III: | Carbon monoxide binds to Hb with much more tenacity with respect to O2 |
Which of the above statements are true?
| 1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
| 3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |
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Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.
1. Pleurisy
2. Pneumonia
3. Emphysema
4. Asthma
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The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option, which gives correct identification and main function and/or characteristic.
| 1. | A-trachea-long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air |
| 2. | B-pleural membrane-surrounds ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing |
| 3. | C-alveoli-thin walled vascular bag-like structures for exchange of gases |
| 4. | D-lower end of lungs-diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration |
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Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
1. The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals
2. The presence of non-respiratory air sacs increases the efficiency of respiration in birds
3. In insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues
4. The principle of counter current flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes
Which of the following match is correct?
1. Emphysema : reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi
2. Pneumonia : occupational disease with asbestos
3. Silicosis : inflammation of alveoli
4. Asthma : excessive secretion of bronchial mucus
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