Q. No.Emulsification of fats occurs in small intestine and it:
1. Results in the formation of small fat droplets
2. Depends upon the polar structure of bile salts
3. Results in the formation of chylomicrons
4. Depends upon the polar structure of bile pigments
1. Results in the formation of small fat droplets
2. Depends upon the polar structure of bile salts
3. Results in the formation of chylomicrons
4. Depends upon the polar structure of bile pigments
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Intrinsic factor helps in the absorption of:
1. Amino acids
2. Sodium
3. Glucose
4. Vitamin B-12
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During deglutition, what allows the food to enter the stomach?
1. Pyloric sphincter
2. Ileocecal sphincter
3. Epiglottis
4. Lower esophageal sphincter
HCl in stomach is the function of ___ cells that contain an enzyme called ___ that catalyzes the reaction between ______________ and water.
1. Chief; carbonic esterase; carbon dioxide
2. Parietal; carbohydrase; bicarbonate
3. Parietal; carbonic anhydrase; carbon dioxide
4. Goblet; carbonic anhydrase; bicarbonate
Identify the incorrect statement:
1. Increasing acidity in the stomach stimulates endocrine cells in the gastric epithelium to produce somatostatin that inhibits further HCl secretion
2. HCl production increases in response to carbohydrates entering the stomach
3. HCl secretion is inhibited when acidity increases in the small intestine
4. Gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine all act to increase HCl secretion
Enterokinase:
| 1. | stimulates bicarbonate secretion by the pancreas |
| 2. | stimulates secretion of gastrin by the stomach |
| 3. | converts trypsinogen into trypsin |
| 4. | converts pepsinogen into pepsin |
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The large intestine functions in:
1. Bicarbonate secretion and bacterial action
2. Acid secretion and bacterial action
3. Water reabsorption and mass movements
4. Mixing action and intestinal hormone production
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A common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
1. Increased activity of the autonomic nervous system in persons with chronic stress
2. Infection of the stomach wall by Helicobacter pylori (a type of bacteria)
3. Consuming high levels of dairy products and hot, spicy foods
4. Increased production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or gastrin by the stomach
Identify the incorrect statement:
1. Constipation is caused by decreased motility in the large intestines
2. Diarrhea may result from decreased fluid absorption in the large intestines
3. A high intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of constipation because it increases distension and motility in the large intestines
4. Bacterial diarrhea results from a bacterial toxin that blocks water channels in the cells of the large intestines
In the gastrointestinal tract, the layer of dense, irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle and also contains blood vessels and a plexus is:
| 1. mucosa layer | 2. submucosa layer |
| 3. muscularis layer | 4. serosa (adventitia layer) |
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