(c)  Ocassionally, a single gene may express more than one trait. This phenomenon is called pleiotropy. Sometimes, one trait will be very evident and others will be less evident, e.g., a gene for white eye in Drosophilia also affect the shape of organs in male responsible for sperm storage as well as other structures.

Similarly, sickle-cell anaemia individuals suffer from a number of problems, all of which are pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell alleles.

Multiple allelism is a series of three or more alternative or allelic forms of a gene, only to of which can exist in any normal diploid individual, e.g., genes of blood groups in humans.

Mosaicism describes the occurrence of cells that differ in their genetics component from other cells of the body.

Polygeny refers to a single characteristics that is controlled by more than two genes. (It also known as multifactorial inheritance).