Ncert Exercises & Solutions

55. Isotherms of carbon dioxide gas are shown in figure. Mark a path for changing gas into liquid such that only one phase (i.e., either a gas or a liquid) exists at any time during the change. Explain how the temperature, volume and pressure should be changed to carry out the change?

It is possible to change a gas into a liquid or a liquid into a gas by a process such that there is always a single phase present.

e.g., In figure given above, we can move from A to vertically by increasing the temperature, then we can reach the point by compressing the gas at constant temperature along the isotherm (isotherm at

31.1 ° C

). The pressure will increase.

Now, we can move vertically down towards D by lowering the temperature. As soon as we cross the point H on the critical isotherm, we get liquid. Thus, at no stage during the process, we can through two-phase region.

It process is carried out at the critical out at the critical temperature, substance always remains in one phase. This is called continuity of state between the gaseous and the liquid state.

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