| (a) | if \(q>0\) and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will be pushed back towards the centre. |
| (b) | if \(q<0\) and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will never return to the centre and will continue moving till it hits the ring. |
| (c) | if \(q<0\), it will perform SHM for small displacement along the axis. |
| (d) | q at the centre of the ring is in an unstable equilibrium within the plane of the ring for \(q>0\). |
© 2026 GoodEd Technologies Pvt. Ltd.