Ncert Exercises & Solutions

13.6 Write nuclear reaction equations for:

(i) α-decay of \({ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}\) (ii) α-decay of \({ }_{94}^{242} \mathrm{Pu}\)

(iii) β^–-decay of \({ }_{15}^{32} \mathrm{P}\) (iv) β–-decay of \({ }_{83}^{210} \mathrm{Bi}\)

(v) β⁺-decay of \({ }_{6}^{11} \mathrm{C}\) (vi) β+-decay of \({ }_{43}^{97} \mathrm{TC}\)

(vii) Electron capture of \({ }_{54}^{120} \mathrm{Xe}\)

Hint: In α-decay, the mass number and atomic number both change but in β-decay, only atomic number changes.
Step 1: Find the change in atomic mass and atomic number in α-decay and β-decay.
α-particle is a nucleus of helium

{}_{2}^{4}{He} and β

is an electron

(e^{-} for β^{-} and e^{+} for β^{+})

. In every

α - decay,

there is a loss of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. In every

β^{+}

-decay, there is a loss of 1 proton and a neutrino is emitted from the nucleus. In every

β^{-}

-decay, there is a gain of 1 proton and an antineutrino is emitted from the nucleus.
Step 2: Write the equations for each element.

For the given cases, the various nuclear reactions can be written as:

\((i)~{ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow{ }_{86}^{222} \mathrm{Ra}+_{2 }^{4} \mathrm{He}\)

(ii) {}_{94}^{242}{Pu} \to {}_{92}^{238}U + {}_{2}^{4}{He}

(iii) {}_{15}^{32}P \to {}_{16}^{32}S + e^{-} + \bar{v}

(iv) {}_{83}^{210}B \to {}_{84}^{210}{PO} + e^{-} + \ddot{v}

(v) {}_{6}^{11}C \to {}_{5}^{11}B + e^{+} + v

(vi) {}_{43}^{97}{Tc} \to {}_{42}^{97}{MO} + e^{+} + v

(vii) {}_{54}^{120}{Xe} + e^{+} \to {}_{53}^{120}I + v

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