Ncert Exercises & Solutions

3.2 A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 Ω is connected to a resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A, what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed?

Emf of the battery, E=10 V

Internal resistance of the battery, r = 3 $Ω$

Current in the circuit, I = 0.5 A

Resistance of the resistor = R

The relation for current using Ohm's law is,

$I = \frac{E}{R + r}$
$R + r = \frac{E}{I}$
$= \frac{10}{0.5} = 20 Ω$
$∴ R = 20 - 3 = 17 Ω$

Terminal voltage of the resistor = V

According to Ohm's law,

$V = IR$
$= 0.5 \times 17$
$= 8.5 V$

Therefore, the resistance of the resistor is 17 $Ω$ and the terminal voltage is 8.5 V.

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