Q. No.Identify the incorrect statement:
1. Constipation is caused by decreased motility in the large intestines
2. Diarrhea may result from decreased fluid absorption in the large intestines
3. A high intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of constipation because it increases distension and motility in the large intestines
4. Bacterial diarrhea results from a bacterial toxin that blocks water channels in the cells of the large intestines
1. Constipation is caused by decreased motility in the large intestines
2. Diarrhea may result from decreased fluid absorption in the large intestines
3. A high intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of constipation because it increases distension and motility in the large intestines
4. Bacterial diarrhea results from a bacterial toxin that blocks water channels in the cells of the large intestines
In the gastrointestinal tract, the layer of dense, irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle and also contains blood vessels and a plexus is:
| 1. mucosa layer | 2. submucosa layer |
| 3. muscularis layer | 4. serosa (adventitia layer) |
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Which of the following is connected to the floor of the oral cavity by the frenulum?
| 1. oesophagus | 2. muscles of mastication |
| 3. lips | 4. tongue |
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The number of permanent and deciduous teeth in humans are respectively:
1. 36,36
2. 32,32
3. 32,20
4. 20,32
The part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and having blood vessels and nerves is called:
1. enamel
2. pulp
3. cementum
4. dentin
How does the muscularis layer of stomach differ from that in the other parts of the gut?
1. it has one layer of smooth muscle
2. it has two layers of smooth muscle
3. it has three layers of smooth muscle
4. it has four layers of smooth muscle
The oxyntic or Parietal cells of the gastric mucosa secrete:
1. prorennin
2. pepsinogen
3. HCl and intrinsic factor
4. gastric lipase
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Arrange the following sphincters in gastrointestinal tract in order of their occurrence from oral cavity to anus:
a. external anal sphincter
b. ileocecal sphincter
c. lower esophageal sphincter
d. pyloric sphincter
| 1. a, c, b, d | 2. b, c, d, a |
| 3. b, a, c, d | 4. c, d, b, a |
Identify the correct statement regarding Saliva:
1. Its secretion is increased by sympathetic nervous system.
2. It contains amylase, which digests 100 % starch.
3. It contains bactericidal lysozyme.
4. Its secretion is increased during sleep.
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What stimulates secretion of the hormone, gastrin, by the gastric mucosa?
1. duodenal pH greater than 3.
2. secretin.
3. cholecystokinin.
4. gastric inhibitory polypeptide
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