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The cleavage divisions in humans is:
1. holoblastic, equal and indeterminate
2. holoblastic, unequal and indeterminate
3. holoblastic, equal and determinate
4. holoblastic, unequal and determinate

Extra embryonic membranes of mammalian embryo are derived from:
1. Inner cell mass
2. Formative cells
3. Trophoblast cells
4. Follicle cells

What causes the onset the puberty in males?
1. Increase in secretion of testosterone by testis
2. Decrease in secretion of testosterone by testis
3. Increase in secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus
4. Decrease in secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus

All of the following structures are derived from mesoderm except the ____.
1. pancreas
2. dermis of skin
3. notochord
4. heart

Which human male accessory reproductive duct receives a duct from the seminal vesicle?
1. Rete testis
2. Vas deferens
3. Epididymis
4. Urethra

The human fetus develops limbs and digits:
1. After one month of pregnancy
2. By the end of second month of pregnancy
3. During the fifth month of pregnancy
4. By the end of second trimester of pregnancy

In the male human being, sperms contain autosomes and
1. Only one Y-chromosome
2. Only one X-chromosome
3. Both X and Y-chromosome
4. Either X or Y-chromosome

Graafian follicle of ovary secretes which hormone
1. Cortisone
2. Relaxin
3. Progesterone
4. None of these

The developing oocyte divides and releases the first polar body in :
1. Primary follicle
2. Secondary follicle
3. Tertiary follicle
4. Graffian follicle

Which of the following depicts the correct pathway of transport of sperms ?
1. Rete testis $\to$Efferent ductules $\to$ Epididymis $\to$ vas deferens
2. Rete testis $\to$ Epididymis $\to$ Efferent ductules $\to$ vas deference
3. Rete testis $\to$ Vas deference $\to$ Efferent ductules $\to$ Epididymis
4. Efferent ductules $\to$Rete testis $\to$ Vas deference $\to$Epididymis

Identify the correct statement on ‘inhibin'
1. Is produced by granulosa cells in ovary and inhibits the secretion of FSH
2. Is produced by granulosa cells in ovary and inhibits the secretion of LH
3. Is produced by nurse cells in testes and inhibits the secretion of LH
4. Inhibits the secretion of LH, FSH and prolactin

Select the incorrect statement
1. LH and FSH triggers ovulation in ovary
2. LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase
3. LH triggers secretion of androgens from the Leydig cells
4. FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells which help in spermiogenesis

Which of the following cells secrete testicular hormones called androgens and form endocrine part of the testis?
1. Leydig cells 
2. Interstitial cells
3. Sertoli cells 
4. Both (1) & (2)

Fructose is present in the secretion of
1. Corpus spongiosum
2. Seminal vesicles
3. Urethra
4. Tyson’s gland

The largest part of the fallopian tube is
1. Infundibulum
2.  Isthmus 
3. Ampulla 
4. Cervix

In humans, at the end of the first meiotic division, the male germ cells form
1. Spermatogonia 
2. Primary spermatocytes
3. Secondary spermatocytes 
4. Spermatids

Which one of the following statements is incorrect about menstrual cycle?
1. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche
2. Lack of menstruation may also occur due to some environmental factors like stress, poor health
3. Corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of endometrium
4. In absence of fertilisation, corpus luteum degenerates in luteal phase and new follicles start developing
immediately

In the fertile human female, approximately on which day of the menstrual cycle (32 days) does ovulation take
place?
1. Day 18 
2. Day 14 
3. Day 1 
4. Day 8

Fertilisation in human beings occurs in
1. Isthmus 
2. Ampullary-isthmic junction
3. Uterus 
4. Infundibulum

In human female, the blastocyst
1. Forms placenta even before implantation
2. Gets implanted in the uterus 3 days after ovulation
3. Gets implanted in the endometrium by trophoblast cells
4. The trophoblast cells get differentiated as the embryo

Trophoblast, is not involved in the formation of
1. Protective and trophic membranes 
2. Foetal portion of placenta
3. Body of developing embryo 
4. Chorionic villi

Placenta acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones like
A. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
C. Estrogens D. Progesterone
1. A & B 
2. B only 
3. A, B & C 
4. A, B, C & D

Which of the following groups of hormones are produced in women only during pregnancy?
1. hCG, hPL, relaxin 
2. Estrogen, progesterone, hCG
3. Cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine 
4. Prolactin, progesterone, hCG

The stem cells which have potency to give rise to all tissues and organs are formed from
1. Trophoblast 
2. Umbilical cord 
3. Inner cell mass 
4. Placenta

Which one of the following is incorrect match?
1. Myometrium : Exhibits strong contractions during delivery of the baby
2. Endometrium : Undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle
3. Perimetrium : Serosa of uterus
4. Uterus : Birth canal

The mammary glands are paired structures that contain the glandular tissue and variable amount of fat. The
correct sequence of tissues involved in synthesis and flow of milk are
(1) Mammary lobes $\to$ Mammary alveoli $\to$ Mammary ampulla $\to$ Mammary duct $\to$ Lactiferous duct
(2) Mammary lobes $\to$ Mammary alveoli $\to$ Mammary duct $\to$ Mammary ampulla $\to$ Lactiferous duct
(3) Mammary lobes $\to$ Mammary alveoli $\to$ Lactiferous duct $\to$ Mammary ampulla $\to$ Mammary duct
(4) Mammary alveoli $\to$ Mammary lobes $\to$ Lactiferous duct $\to$ Mammary duct

Study the flow chart. Name the hormones labelled as A, B, C, D at each stage.

Choose the correct option.
       A                    B             C                D
1. Gn-RH              ICSH     Androgen      FSH
2. Gn-RH               LH          FSH         Androgens
3. Gonadotropins    LH          FSH        Testosterone
4. Gn-RH               FSH         LH          Androgens

Given below are four statements (A - D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fill up
the blanks in two statements :
A. The human male ejaculates about  ___(i)__ million sperms during a coitus. Out of which, for normal fertility at least __(ii)__ percent sperms must have normal shape and size
B. A primary spermatocyte completes __(i)__ meiotic division leading to the formation of two equal haploid cells called __(i)__
C. Spermatogenesis starts at the age of __(i)__ due to significant increase in the secretion of __(ii)___ a
hypothalamic hormone
D. Oogenesis is initiated during embryonic development and at puberty only __(i)__ primary follicles are left
in each ovary
1.  A - (i) : 200 to 300; (ii) 40  ;  B - (i) : Second; (ii) Spermatids 
2.  A - (i) : 200 to 300; (ii) 40;  D - (i) : 60,000 to 80,000   
3.  B - (i) : First; (ii) Secondary spermatocytes ; C - (i) : Puberty; (ii) GnRH
4.  C - (i) : Puberty; (ii) Gonadotropins ; D - (i) : 60,000 to 80,000

What induces the completion of the meiotic division of the secondary oocyte?
1. Contact of the sperm with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum
2. The entry of the sperm into the cytoplasm of the ovum through the zona pellucida and the plasma
membrane
3. Entry of the sperm in the ampullary-isthmic junction
4. Copulation

Which one of the following is the incorrect match of the events occurring during menstrual cycle?
1. Menstruation : Breakdown of endometrium and ovum not fertilised
2. Ovulation : LH and FSH attain peak level
3. Proliferative phase : Rapid regeneration of endometrium and maturation of Graafian follicle
4. Development of corpus luteum : Follicular phase and increased secretion of progesterone

Why do all copulations not lead to fertilisation and pregnancy? The root cause is _________.
1. Due to numerous sperms and one ovum
2. Due to less progesterone
3. Ovum and sperms are not transported simultaneously to the ampullary-isthmic junction
4. Due to non-formation of corpus luteum

In human beings, pregnancy lasts for 9 months. The gestation period of dog, elephant, cat and cow is given
below. Which of the following is wrong match?
Animal                              Gestation period
1. Dog                                60 - 65 days
2. Elephant                         607 - 641 days
3. Cat                                 52 - 65 days
4. Cow                               330 - 345 days

The difference between spermiogenesis and spermiation is 
1. In spermiogenesis spermatids are formed, while in spermiation spermatozoa are formed.
2. In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, while in spermiation spermatids are formed.
3. In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, while in spermiation spermatozoa are released from sertoli
cells into the cavity of seminiferous tubules.
4. In spermiogenesis spermatozoa from sertoli cells are released into the cavity of seminiferous tubules, while
in spermiation spermatozoa are formed.

Hormones secreted by the placenta to maintain pregnancy are
1. hCG, hPL, progestogens, prolactin
2. hCG, hPL, estrogens, relaxin, oxytocin
3. hCG, progestogens, estrogens, glucocorticoids
4. hCG, hPL, progestogens, estrogens

Capacitation occurs in 
1. Rete testis 
2. Epididymis
3. Vas deferens 
4. Female Reproductive tract

Which of the following events is not associated with ovulation in human female? 
1. LH surge 
2. Decrease in estradiol
3. Full development of Graafian follicle 
4. Release of secondary oocyte

Which one of the following statements about morula in humans is correct? 
1. It has more cytoplasm and more DNA than an uncleaved zygote
2. It has almost equal quantity of cytoplasm as an uncleaved zygote but much more DNA
3. It has far less cytoplasm as well as less DNA than in an uncleaved zygote
4. It has more or less equal quantity of cytoplasm and DNA as in uncleaved zygote

Grey crescent is the area 
1. At the point of entry of sperm into ovum
2. Just opposite to the site of entry of sperm into ovum
3. At the animal pole
4. At the vegetal pole

What is true about cleavage in the fertilized egg in humans?
1. It starts while the egg is in fallopian tube 
2. It starts when the egg reaches uterus
3. It is meroblastic 
4. It is identical to the normal mitosis

Ovulation in the human female normally takes place during the menstrual cycle
1. At the mid secretory phase 
2. Just before the end of the secretory phase
3. At the beginning of the proliferative phase 
4. At the end of the proliferative phase

A : Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscles and cause stronger uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin.
R : Oxytocin is released from maternal pituitary.

A : Leydig’s cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called androgens.
R : Leydig’s cells are located between the Sertoli cells.

Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by:
1. Spermatogonia
2. Primary spermatocytes
3. Sertoli cells
4. Both 1 and 3

Leydig cells:
1. Are present in seminiferous tubules and secrete androgens
2. Are present in seminiferous tubules and help in maturation of sperms
3. Are present in interstitial space and secrete androgens
4. Are present in interstitial space and help in maturation of sperms

Each Ovary is connected to the pelvic wall and the uterus by:
1. Peritoneum
2. Adipose tissue
3. Ligaments
4. Areolar tissue

The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by the process called:
1. Spermiation
2. Spermatocytogenesis
3. Spermiogenesis
4. Spermatolysis

FSH:
1. Acts on Sertoli cells and stimulates secretion of some factors that help in spermiogenesis
2. Acts on Sertoli cells and inhibits secretion of some factors that help in spermiogenesis
3. Acts on Leydig cells and stimulates secretion of some factors that help in spermiogenesis
4. Acts on Leydig cells and inhibits secretion of some factors that help in spermiogenesis

The function of male sex accessory ducts and glands are maintained by:
1. Hypothalamic releasing hormone
2. Pitutary gonadotropins
3. Adrenal cortex steroids
4. Testicular androgens

At what point does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis?
1. when acrosomal enzymes begin to break down the egg's jelly coat
2. when the luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation
3 after it is penetrated by a sperm cell
4. when the secondary oocyte implants in the endometrium of the uterus