Digestion & Absorption + Breathing and Exchange of Gases - Live Session Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718Digestion & Absorption + Breathing and Exchange of Gases - Live Session Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718Consider the following statements regarding the human alimentary canal:
I. Human dentition is thecodont, homodont, and diphyodont
II. The tongue is s freely movable muscular organ attached to the roof of the oral cavity by the frenulum
III. The opening of the stomach into the duodenum is guarded by the cardiac sphincter
The incorrect statements include:
1. None
2. Only I
3. I and III only
4. I, II and III
The structural and functional units of the liver are:
1. The four hepatic lobes containing the hepatic sinusoids lined by kupffer cells
2. The hepatic lobules containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords
3. The porta hepatis which carries the common bile duct and common hepatic artery, and the opening for the portal vein.
4. The right and the left lobes separated by the falciform ligament
Bile pigments help in:
1. Emulsification of fats
2. Absorption of the end products of fat digestion
3. Hydrolysis of fats
4. They do not play any role in fat metabolism or digestion
Visceral mesothelium is:
1. a membrane composed of simple cuboidal epithelium
2. the layer that covers the body walls
3. the epithelium component of serosa
4. the innermost lining of the blood vessels derived from embryonic mesoderm
When secreted due to a fatty meal, the hormone cholecystokinin promotes all the following except:
1. contraction of gall bladder
2. increased production of hepatic bile
3. contraction of the sphincter of Oddi
4. stimulation of pancreas
The region of the stomach into which the esophagus opens is called as:
1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Corpus
4. Pylorus
Brunner’s glands are located in the duodenal:
1. Mucosa
2. Sub mucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
The oral cavity initiates all the following except:
1. Chemical process of digestion
2. Mechanical process of digestion
3. Deglutition
4. Peristalsis
Pancreatic lipase can be activated by:
1. Bile
2. Enterokinase
3. Secretin
4. Enterogastrone
Which of the following is not a function of adult liver
1. Glycogen storage
2. Detoxification
3. Erythropoiesis
4. Synthesis of clotting proteins
The only exopeptidase amongst the following is:
1. Carboxypeptidase
2. Chymotrypsin
3. Trypsin
4. Elastase
Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juices is carried out by the:
1. Secretion of the hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory factors into a portal vein
2. Synthesis of tropins by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
3. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system via the vagus nerve
4. Local hormones produced by the gastric and intestinal mucosa
Bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called _____ that facilitate absorption.
1. chylomicrons
2. micelles
3. globules
4. lipoproteins
Defaecation is a/an:
1. voluntary process and is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement
2. involuntary process and is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement
3. voluntary process and is carried out by a haustration movement
4. involuntary process and is carried out by a haustration movement
Marasmus is characterized by all the following except:
1. Inadequate energy intake in all forms including protein
2. Earlier age of onset than kwashiorkor
3. Edema and ascites
4. Muscular wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat
Most of the aquatic arthropods respire through:
1. diffusion over the entire body surface
2. gills
3. tracheae and tracheoles
4. skin
What prevents the entry of food into the larynx during deglutition?
1. A thin elastic cartilaginous flap
2. A thick fibrous cartilaginous flap
3. A thick elastic cartilaginous flap
4. A thin calcified cartilaginous flap
The trachea divides into a right and a left primary bronchus at the level of:
1. 2nd thoracic vertebra
2. 3rd thoracic vertebra
3. 5th thoracic vertebra
4. 12th thoracic vertebra
The following two statements:
I. The lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is anatomically an air-tight chamber.
II. This arrangement is essential as we cannot directly alter the thoracic volume.
1. Both I and II are correct and II correctly explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Regarding pulmonary capacities, the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration can also be defined as:
1. Total volume of air a person can inspire or expire after a normal inspiration or expiration
2. Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration
3. Maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration
4. Total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration
Which of the following will not be equal in normal physiological conditions?
| 1. | Partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated blood and partial pressure of oxygen in tissues |
| 2. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in oxygenated blood |
| 3. | Partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood and partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli |
| 4. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in tissues and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in deoxygenated blood |
Binding of oxygen with hemoglobin is primarily related to:
1. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
2. Partial pressure of oxygen
3. H+ ion concentration in body fluids
3. Presence of 2,3-DPG in erythrocytes
Under normal physiological conditions, what amount of oxygen is delivered to the tissues?
1. 4 ml
2. 5 ml
3. 15 ml
4. 20 ml
Identify the incorrect statement regarding the enzyme carbonic anhydrase:
1. RBCs contain a very high concentration of this enzyme
2. The enzyme is absent in the plasma
3. It facilitates the reaction catalyzed in both directions
4. It is a metalloenzyme
Pneumotaxic center:
1. moderates the function of the rhythm center
2. establishes the respiratory rhythm
3. is located in the medulla oblongata
4. reduces the duration of expiration and thereby alters the respiratory rate
Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of:
1. Chronic obstructive lung disease
2. Bronchial asthma
3. Viral Pneumonia in children
4. Occupational lung diseases
Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause the person to become faint because of:
1. increased CO2 levels caused by increase in cellular respiration, reducing brain perfusion and causing ischemia
2. decreased O2 levels in the blood, causing cells to lack enough ATP
3. effects of increased O2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels
4. lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels
Which of the following is one of the physiological adaptations that occur in the human body at very high altitudes?
1. The kidney releases EPO to stimulate an increase in hematocrit.
2. The heart rate decreases.
3. Because of a lower PO2, the respiratory rate declines.
4. The percentage of hemoglobin saturation increases.
The peripheral chemoreceptors are:
1. more sensitive to a decrease in PCO2 than to a decrease in PO2
2. stimulated by hypocapnia
3. located in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem
4. more sensitive to a decrease in PO2 than to a decrease in PCO2