NTA - NEET 2020 Exam PaperContact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718NTA - NEET 2020 Exam PaperContact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718Which of the following is correct about viroids?
1. They have free RNA without protein coat
2. They have DNA with protein coat
3. They have free DNA without protein coat
4. They have RNA with protein coat
Which of the following pairs is of unicellular algae?
| 1. | Gelidium and Gracilaria |
| 2. | Anabaena and Volvox |
| 3. | Chlorella and Spirulina |
| 4. | Laminaria and Sargassum |
Strobili or cones are found in:
| 1. | Pteris | 2. | Marchantia |
| 3. | Equisetum | 4. | Salvinia |
Which of the following statements are true for the phylum-Chordata?
| (a) | In Urochordata, notochord extends from head to tail and it is present throughout their life |
| (b) | In Vertebrata, notochord is present during the embryonic period only |
| (c) | Central nervous system is dorsal and hollow |
| (d) | Chordata is divided into 3 subphyla : Hemichordata, Tunicata and Cephalochordata |
| 1. | (c) and (a) | 2. | (a) and (b) |
| 3. | (b) and (c) | 4. | (d) and (c) |
Bilaterally symmetrical and acoelomate animals are exemplified by:
| 1. | Platyhelminthes | 2. | Aschelminthes |
| 3. | Annelida | 4. | Ctenophora |
Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option.
| Column -I | Column- II |
| (a) Gregarious, polyphagous pest | (i) Asterias |
| (b) Adult with radial symmetry and larva with bilateral symmetry | (ii) Scorpion |
| (c) Book lungs | (iii) Ctenoplana |
| (d) Bioluminescence | (iv) Locusta |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 2. | (iii) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 3. | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 4. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| a. | 6 - 15 pairs of gill slits | (i) | Trygon |
| b. | Heterocercal caudal fin | (ii) | Cyclostomes |
| c. | Air bladder | (iii) | Chondrichthyes |
| d. | Poison sting | (iv) | Osteichthyes |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| 2. | (iv) | (ii) | (iii) | (i) |
| 3. | (i) | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) |
| 4. | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) |
Ray florets have:
1. Superior ovary
2. Hypogynous ovary
3. Half inferior ovary
4. Inferior ovary
The roots that originate from the base of the stem are:
1. Primary roots
2. Prop roots
3. Lateral roots
4. Fibrous roots
The ovary is half inferior in:
1. Mustard
2. Sunflower
3. Plum
4. Brinjal
Identify the incorrect statement.
1. Sapwood is involved in conduction of water and minerals from root to leafs.
2. Sapwood is the innermost secondary xylem and is lighter in colour.
3. Due to deposition of tannins, resins, oils etc., heart wood is dark in colour.
4. Heart wood does not conduct water but gives mechanical support.
The transverse section of a plant shows following anatomical features :
(a) Large number of scattered vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath.
(b) Large conspicuous parenchymatous ground tissue.
(c) Vascular bundles conjoint and closed.
(d) Phloem parenchyma absent.
ldentify the category of plant and its part :
1. Monocotyledonous root
2. Dicotyledonous stem
3. Dicotyledonous root
4. Monocotyledonous stem
Cuboidal epithelium with brush border of microvilli is found in :
1. Ducts of salivary glands
2. Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron
3. Eustachian tube
4. Lining of intestine
Goblet cells of alimentary canal are modified from:
1. Columnar epithelial cells
2. Chondrocytes
3. Compound epithelial cells
4. Squamous epithelial cells
If the head of cockroach is removed, it may live for few days because:
| 1. | The cockroach does not have a nervous system. |
| 2. | The head holds a small proportion of a nervous system while the rest is situated along the ventral part of its body. |
| 3. | The head holds a third of the nervous system while the rest is situated along the dorsal part of its body. |
| 4. | The supra-oesophageal ganglia of the cockroach are situated in ventral part of abdomen. |
Which is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids in eukaryotic cells?
| 1. | Peroxisomes | 2. | Golgi bodies |
| 3. | Polysomes | 4. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
Which of the following statement about inclusion bodies IS incorrect ?
1. These are involved in ingestion of food particles.
2. They lie free in the cytoplasm.
3. These represent reserve material in cytoplasm.
4. They are not bound by any membrane.
Match the following:
| (a) | Inhibitor of catalytic activity | (i) | Ricin |
| (b) | Possess peptide bonds | (ii) | Malonate |
| (c) | Cell wall material in fungi | (iii) | Chitin |
| (d) | Secondary metabolite | (iv) | Collagen |
Choose the correct option from the following:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iii) | (i) | (iv) | (ii) |
| 2. | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| 3. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 4. | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) | (i) |
Identify the substances having a glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure:
| 1. | Glycerol, trypsin | 2. | Cellulose, lecithin |
| 3. | Inulin, insulin | 4. | Chitin, cholesterol |
Identify the basic amino acid from the following:
1. Glutamic Acid
2. Lysine
3. Valine
4. Tyrosine
Floridean starch has structure similar to:
1. Amylopectin and glycogen
2. Mannitol and algin
3. Laminarin and cellulose
4. Starch and cellulose
Which one of the following is the most abundant protein in the animals?
| 1. | Collagen | 2. | Lectin |
| 3. | Insulin | 4. | Hemoglobin |
Some dividing cells exit the cell cycle and enter the vegetative inactive stage. This is called the quiescent stage G0. This process occurs at the end of:
| 1. | G1 phase | 2. | S phase |
| 3. | G2 phase | 4. | M phase |
Identify the correct statement with regard to phase (Gap 1) of interphase.
1. The reorganisation of all cell components takes place.
2. The cell is metabolically active, grows but does not replicate its DNA
3. Nuclear division takes place
4. DNA synthesis or replication takes place.
Dissolution of the synaptonemal complex occurs during :
| 1. | Zygote | 2. | Diplotene |
| 3. | Leptotene | 4. | Pachytene |
Match the following with respect to meiosis:
| (a) | Zygotene | (i) | Terminalization |
| (b) | Pachytene | (ii) | Chiasmata |
| (c) | Diplotene | (iii) | Crossing over |
| (d) | Diakinesis | (iv) | Synapsis |
Select the correct option from the following:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| 2. | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| 3. | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) | (i) |
| 4. | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
The process responsible for facilitating loss of water in liquid form from the tip of grass blades at night and early morning is:
1. Root pressure
2. Imbibition
3. Plasmolysis
4. Transpiration
The product(s) of the reaction catalyzed by nitrogenase in root nodules of leguminous plants is/are.
1. Nitrate alone
2. Ammonia and oxygen
3. Ammonia and hydrogen
4. Ammonia alone
Match the following concerning essential elements and their functions in plants :
| (a) | Iron | (i) | Photolysis of water |
| (b) | Zinc | (ii) | Pollen germination |
| (c) | Boron | (iii) | Required for chlorophyll biosynthesis |
| (d) | Manganese | (iv) | IAA biosynthesis |
Select the correct option:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| 2. | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
| 3. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 4. | (ii) | (i) | (iv) | (iii) |
In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from:
| 1. | Cyt b6f complex to PS-I |
| 2. | PS-I to NADP+ |
| 3. | PS-I to ATP synthase |
| 4. | PS-II to Cytb6f complex |
The oxygenation activity of RuBisCO enzyme in photorespiration leads to the formation of:
| 1. | 1 molecule of the 3-C compound |
| 2. | 1 molecule of the 6-C compound |
| 3. | 1 molecule of a 4-C compound and 1 molecule of the 2-C compound |
| 4. | 2 molecules of the 3-C compound |
The number of substrate-level phosphorylations in one turn of a citric acid cycle is
| 1. | One | 2. | Two |
| 3. | Three | 4. | Four |
Which of the following is not an inhibitory substance governing seed dormancy?
1. Abscisic acid
2. Phenolic acid
3. Para-ascorbic acid
4. Gibberellic acid
Name the plant growth regulator which upon spraying on sugarcane crop, increases the length of stem, thus increasing the yield of sugarcane crop.
| 1. | Gibberellin | 2. | Ethylene |
| 3. | Abscisic acid | 4. | Cytokinin |
Identify the correct statement with reference to human digestive system
1. Serosa is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal
2. Ileum is a highly coiled part
3. Vermiform appendix arises from duodenum
4. Ileum opens into small intestine
The enzyme enterokinase helps in the conversion of
| 1. trypsinogen into trypsin | 2. caseinogen into casein |
| 3. pepsinogen into pepsin | 4. protein into polypeptides |
Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.
(a) Contraction of diaphragm
(b) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles
(c) Pulmonary volume decreases
(d) Intra pulmonary pressure increases
| 1. | (c) and (d) | 2. | (a), (b) and (d) |
| 3. | only (d) | 4. | (a) and (b) |
Identify the wrong statement with reference to the transport of oxygen.
| 1. | Partial pressure of CO2 can interfere with O2 binding with haemoglobin. |
| 2. | Higher H+ conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. |
| 3. | Low pCO2 in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. |
| 4. | Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of O2. |
The QRS complex in a standard ECG represents:
1. Depolarisation of auricles
2. Depolarisation of ventricles
3. Reploarisation of ventricles
4. Repolarisation of auricles
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Eosinophils | (i) | Immune response |
| (b) | Basophils | (ii) | Phagocytosis |
| (c) | Neutrophils | (iii) | Release histaminase, destructive enzymes |
| (d) | Lymphocytes | (iv) | Release granules containing histamine |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 2. | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| 3. | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 4. | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus:
1. Uremia and Renal Calculi
2. Ketonuria and Glycosuria
3. Renal Calculi and Hyperglycaemia
4. Uremia and Ketonuria
Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?
1. Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules to aldosterone
2. Atrial natriuretic factor causing vasoconstriction
3. Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells
4. More water reabsorption due to under-secretion of ADH
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| (a) | Floating Ribs | (i) | Located between second and seventh ribs |
| (b) | Acromion | (ii) | Head of the humerus |
| (c) | Scapula | (iii) | Clavicle |
| (d) | Glenoid cavity | (iv) | Do not connect with the sternum |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
| 2. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 3. | (iv) | (iii) | (i) | (ii) |
| 4. | (ii) | (iv) | (i) | (iii) |
Match the following columns and select the correct option
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | The organ of Corti | (i) | Connects the middle ear and pharynx |
| (b) | Cochlea | (ii) | Coiled part of the labyrinth |
| (c) | Eustachian tube | (iii) | Attached to the oval window |
| (d) | Stapes | (iv) | Located on the basilar membrane |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iii) | (i) | (iv) | (ii) |
| 2. | (iv) | (ii) | (i) | (iii) |
| 3. | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| 4. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
Select the correct statement.
1. Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia.
2. Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes.
3. Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia.
4. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis.
Match the follwing columns and select the correct option.
| (a) | Pituitary gland | (i) | Grave's disease |
| (b) | Thyroid gland | (ii) | Diabetes mellitus |
| (c) | Adrenal gland | (iii) | Diabetes insipidus |
| (d) | Pancreas | (iv) | Addison's disease |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iii) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 2. | (iii) | (i) | (iv) | (ii) |
| 3. | (ii) | (i) | (iv) | (iii) |
| 4. | (iv) | (iii) | (i) | (ii) |
The plant parts which consists of two generations one within the other:
(a) Pollen grains inside the anther
(b) Germinated pollen grain with two male gametes
(c) Seed inside the fruit
(d) Embryo sac inside the ovule
(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (c) and (d)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (a) only
The body of the ovule is fused within the funicle at :
1. Micropyle
2. Nucellus
3. Chalaza
4. Hilum
In water hyacinth and water lily, pollination takes place by:
1. Water currents only
2. Wind and water
3. Insects and water
4. Insects or wind
Meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is completed:
(1) At the time of copulation
(2) After zygote formation
(3) At the time of fusion of a sperm with an ovum
(4) Prior to ovulation
Which of the following hormone levels will cause release of ovum (ovulation) from the graffian follicle?
1. High concentration of Progesterone
2. Low concentration of LH
3. Low concentration of FSH
4. High concentration of Estrogen
Match the follwing columns and select the correct option .
Column-l Column-ll
(a) Placenta (i) Androgens
(b) Zona pellucida (ii) Human chroinic
(c) Bulbo-urethral Gonadotropin
glands (iii) Layer of the ovum
(d) Leydig cells (iv) Lubrication of the Penis
a b c d
(1) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(2) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(3) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(4) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.
1. Gonorrhoea, Malaria, Genital herpes
2. AIDS, Malaria, Filaria
3. Cancer, AIDS, Syphilis
4. Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes
In Which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive?
1. GIFT and ZIFT
2. ICSI and ZIFT
3. GIFT and ICSI
4. ZIFT and IUT
Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was done by:
(1) Sutton
(2) Boveri
(3) Morgan
(4) Mendel
Select the correct match
1. Phenylketonuria - Autosomal dominant trait
2. Sickle cell anemia - Autosomal recessive trait chromosome - 11
3. Thalassemia - X linked
4. Haemophilia - Y linked
Identify the wrong statement with reference to the gene 'I' that controls ABO blood groups.
1. A person will have only two of the 3 alleles.
2. When IA and IB are present together, they express same type of sugar.
3. Allele 'i' does not produce any sugar.
4. The gene (I) has three alleles.
How many true-breeding pea plant varieties did Mendel select as pairs, which were similar except in one character with contrasting traits?
1. 2
2. 14
3. 6
4. 4
Name the enzyme that facilitates opening of DNA helix during transcription.
1. DNA helicase
2. DNA polymerase
3. RNA polymerase
4. DNA ligase
If the distance between two consecutive base pairs is 0.34 nm and the total number of base pairs of a DNA double helix in a typical mammalian cell is bp, then the length of the DNA is approximate:
| 1. | 2.5 meters | 2. | 2.2 meters |
| 3. | 2.7 meters | 4. | 2.0 meters |
Which of the following statements is correct?
1. Adenine pairs with thymine through one H-bond
2. Adenine pairs with thymine through three H-bonds
3. Adenine does not pair with thymine
4. Adenine pairs with thymine through two H-bonds
Choose the correct pair from the following :
| 1. | Polymerases | - | Break the DNA into fragments |
| 2. | Nucleases | - | Separate the two strands of DNA |
| 3. | Exonucleases | - | Make cuts at specific positions within DNA |
| 4. | Ligases | - | Join the two DNA molecules |
The first phase of translation is:
1. Recognition of DNA molecule
2. Aminoacylation of tRNA
3. Recognition of an anti-codon
4. Binding of mRNA to ribosome
Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogenic action?
(a) Darwin's Finches of Galapagos islands
(b) Herbicide resistant weeds
(c) Drug resistant eukaryotes
(d) Man-created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs
(1) (a) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) only (d)
(4) only (a)
From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask:
| 1. | |
| 2. | |
| 3. | |
| 4. |
Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:
1. Convergent evolution
2. Industrial melanism
3. Natural selection
4. Adaptive radiation
Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by:
1. Alfred Wallace
2. Charles Darwin
3. Oparin
4. Karl Ernst von Baer
Match the following microorganism with product
| Column -I | Column- II |
| (a) Clostridium butylicum | (i) Cyclosporin A |
| (b) Trichoderma polysporunt | (ii) Butyric acid |
| (c) Monascus purpureus | (iii) Citric acid |
| (d) Aspergillus niger | (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| (1) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (2) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (3) | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| (4) | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
Which of the following is put into Anaerobic sludge digester for further sewage treatment ?
(1) Floating debris
(2) Effluents of primary treatmet
(3) Activated sludge
(4) Primary sludge
By which method was a new breed 'Hisardale' of sheep found by using Bikaneri ewes and Marina rams?
1. Mutational breeding
2. cross breeding
3. Inbreeding
4. Out crossing
The infectious stage of plasmodium that enters the human body is:
1. Sporozoites
2. female gametocytes
3. Male gametocytes
4. Trophozoites
Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option.
| Column -I | Column- II |
| (a) Typhoid | (i) Wuchereria |
| (b) Pneumonia | (ii) Plasmodium |
| (c) Filariasis | (iii) Salmonella |
| (d) Malaria | (iv) Haemophilus |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| (1) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| (2) | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
| (3) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| (4) | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
Identify the wrong statement with a reference to immunity.
(1) When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity".
(2) Active immunity is quick and gives a full response.
(3) Foetus receives some antibodies from the mother, it is an example of passive immunity
(4) When exposed to antigen(living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called "Active immunity
The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed :
1. Ori site
2. Palindromic sequence
3. Recognition site
4. Selectable marker
In-gel electrophoresis, separated DNA fragments can be visualized with the help of:
1. Ethidium bromide in UV radiation
2. Acetocarmine in UV radiation
3. Ethidium bromide in infrared radiation
4. Acetocarmine in bright blue light
Identify the wrong statement with regards to restriction enzyme
1. They cut the strength at palindromic sites.
2. They are useful in genetic engineering.
3. Sticky ends can be joined by using DNA ligases.
4. Each restriction enzyme functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence.
The specific palindromic sequence which is recognized by EcoRI is :
1. 5' -GGAACC-3'
3'-CCTTGG-5'
2. 5'-CTTAAG-3'
3'-GAATTC-5'
3. 5'-GGATCC-3'
3'-CCTAGG-5'
4. 5'-GAATTC-3'
3'-CTTAAG-5'
Which of the following statements is not correct?
1. The proinsulin has an extra peptide called C-peptide
2. The functional insulin has A and B chains linked together by hydrogen bonds.
3. Genetically engineered insulin is produced in E-Coli.
4. In man, insulin is synthesized as proinsulin.
Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is resistant to
1. Fungal diseases
2. Plant nematodes
3. Insect predators
4. Insect pests
Match the organism with its use in biotechnology.
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis (i) Cloning vector
(b) Thermus aquaticus (ii) Construction of first rDNA molecule
(c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (iii) DNA polymerase
(d) Salmonella typhimurium (iv) Cry proteins
Select the correct option from the following:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
2. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
3. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
4. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
Column - I Column - II
a. Bt cotton (i) Gene therapy
b. Adenosine (ii) Cellular defence
deaminase
deficiency
c. RNAi (iii) Detection of HIV infection
d. PCR (iv) Bacillus thuringiensis
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
2. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
4. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their:
1. Growth response
2. Defence action
3. Effect on reproduction
4. Nutritive value
Which of the following is not an attribute of a population?
1. Natality
2. Mortality
3. Species interaction
4. Sex ratio
The process of growth is maximum during:
1. Lag phase
2. Senescence
3. Dormancy
4. Log phase
In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements is correct?
1. Gross primary productivity is always more than Net primary productivity.
2. Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and same.
3. There is no relationship between Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity.
4. Gross primary productivity is always less than net primary productivity.
Match the trophic levels with their correct species examples in the green land ecosystem:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (1) | Fourth trophic level | (i) | Cow |
| (2) | Second trophic level | (ii) | Vulture |
| (3) | First trophic level | (iii) | Rabbit |
| (4) | Third trophic level | (iv) | Grass |
Select the correct option:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iii) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 2. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| 3. | (i) | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 4. | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) |
Which of the following regions of the globe exhibits the highest species diversity?
1. Madagascar
2. Himalayas
3. Amazon forests
4. Western Ghats of India
According to Robert May, the global species diversity is about:
1. 20 Million
2. 50 Million
3. 7 Million
4. 1.5 Million
Snow-blindness in Antarctic regions is due to:
1. Inflammation of cornea due to high doses of UV-B radiation
2. High reflection of light from snow
3. Damage to the retina caused by infra-red rays
4. Freezing of fluids in the eye by low temperature
Montreal Protocol was signed if 1987 for control of:
(1) Emission of ozone-depleting substances
(2) Release of Green House Gases
(3) Disposal of e-waste
(4) Transport of Genetically modified organisms from one country to another