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When under certain conditions, the P₅₀ value of haemoglobin rises, the affinity of the pigment of combining with O₂ will
1. Remain same
2. Rise
3. Fall
4. First rise and then fall

Hemoglobin that is bonded to carbon monoxide and therefore cannot transport oxygen, is called
1. carboxyhemoglobin
2. methemoglobin
3. reduced hemoglobin
4. carbaminohemoglobin

Trachea divides into two right and left primary bronchi at the level of:
1. Seventh cervical vertebra
2. Third thoracic vertebra
3. Fifth thoracic vertebra
4. Seventh thoracic vertebra

Contraction of diaphragm:

The partial pressure of oxygen is equal in
1. Atmospheric air and Alveoli
2. Alveoli and Oxygenated blood
3. Alveoli and Deoxygenated blood
4. Deoxygenated blood and Tissues

A center that moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm center is located in:
1. Dorsal medulla oblongata
2. Ventral medulla oblongata
3. Pons Varolii
4. Pre-central gyrus of the cerebrum

Premature infants may develop respiratory distress and can land up in respiratory failure sometimes needing an intensive care for such infants. This may be due to:
1. the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air
2. the incomplete development of the lung surface
3. inadequate production of surfactant
4. mutations in the genes involved in lung formation

During normal respiration, the ventral respiratory group located in the medulla oblongata:
1. Establishes the basic respiratory rhythm
2. Controls the switch off point of inspiration
3. Remains inactive
4. Excites chemosensitive zone neurons

The following statements refer to gas carriage by blood. Choose the correct statement:

Study the spirograph and identify the correctly matched volumes from the codes given:

         TV        IRV     ERV       RV      VITAL CAPACITY
1.       A          c         B          D              E
2.       A          B        C          D               E
3.       B          A        C          D               E
4.       C          B        A          D               E

Fibrous connective tissue builds up in the lungs causing them not to inflate properly, and actually deflating them is called:
1. chronic bronchitis
2. emphysema
3. pulmonary fibrosis
4. asthma

The trachea is lined with
1. ciliated simple squamous epithelium
2. stratified squamous epithelium
3. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
4. pseudostratified squamous epithelium

Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II regarding and choose your answer from the codes given below :

Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because
(1) there is a negative pressure in the lungs
(2) there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls
(3) there is a positive intrapleural pressure
(4) pressure in the lungs in higher than the atmospheric pressure

Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking
1. asthma
2. respiratofy acidosis
3. respiratory alkalosis
4. emphysema

Approximately seventy percent of carbon dioxide absorbed by the blood will be
transported to the lungs
1. as bicarbonate ions
2. in the form of dissolved gas molecules
3. by binding to RBC
4. as carbamino-haemoglobin

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C
and D. Select the option, which gives correct identification and main function and/or
characteristic.

1. A-trachea-long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting
inspired air
2. 8-pleural membrane-surround ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing
3. C-alveoli-thin walled vascular bag-like structures for exchange of gases
4. D-lower end of lungs-diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration

Which two of the following changes (1-4) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when
they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
(1) Increase in red blood cell size
(2) Increase in red blood cell production
(3) Increased breathing rate
(4) Increase in thrombocyte count Changes occurring are
1. (2) and (3)
2. (3) and (4)
3. (1) and (4)
4. (1) and (2)

The haemoglobin of a human foetus
1. has a lower affinity for oxygen than that of the adult
2. its affinity for oxygen is the same as that of an adult
3. has only 2 protein subunits instead of 4
4. has a higher affinity for oxygen than that of an adult

When a man inhales air containing normal concentration of O₂ as well as CO he suffers from suffocation because
(1) CO reacts with O₂ reducing its percentage in air
(2) haemoglobin combines with CO instead of O₂ and forms carboxyhaemoglobin
(3) CO affects diaphragm and intercostal muscles
(4) CO affects the nerves of the lungs.

Hiccups can be best described as
(1) forceful sudden expiration
(2) forceful contraction of intercostal muscles during deep breathing
(3) vibration of the soft palate during breathing while sleeping
(4) jerky incomplete inspiration.

Assertion   :       Most fish when out of water, die of suffocation.
Reason      :       Atmospheric air contains far less oxygen content than the dissolved oxygen in water.

Assertion   :    Forceful expiration occurs through expiratory muscles.
Reason      :    Expiratory muscles expires quickly.

Assertion    :       Insects develop a complex system of air tubes called trachea for respiratory purpose.
Reason       :      Exchange through body surface is not possible in insects.

Assertion       :       Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated in China.
Reason          :       China is the most populated country of the world
1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are the true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A).
 2.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are the true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3.Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
4. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true

Which of the following is true about respiration
(1)it is for energy liberation
(2)it can occur both O2 presence and its absence
(3)In humans R.B.C show anaerobic respiration
(4)All of these

In water, frogs respire through
(A)Skin
(B)lungs
(C)buccal cavity
(D)All of these

Which of the following is incorrect
(1)Whale-Lungs
(2)Tadepole larva-Gills
(3)Earthworm-moist skin
(4)Spider-lungs

Which of the following is true about pleural membranes except
1. outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining
2. inner pleural membrane is in contact with the lung surface
3. pleural fluid is present between them
4. It increases friction on the lung surface

Which of the following is true
(1)Right lungs is greater than left lungs
(2)structural and functional unit of lungs is alveoli
(3)lungs are non muscular
(4)All of the above

In the process of respiration how many times the process of diffusion takes place in respiration
1. 4
2. 3
3. 2
4. 1

The breathing rate of human embryo ______times/minute.
(1)70-72
(2)20-25
(3)12-16
(4)None of these

Which of the following factors will increase the breathing rate
(1)Acidity
(2)decrease in pH
(3)Blood pressure
(4)All of the above

Volume of air which does not participate in gaseous exchange is
(1)Residual volume
(2)Dead space air
(3)Tidal volume
(4)Both A and B

The volume of air expired forcefully after forceful inspiration
(1)TV+ IRV
(2)TV+ERV+IRV
(3)TV+ERV+IRV+RV
(4)None of these

Which of the following is true for transport of gases
1. Maximum amount of O₂ is transported by RBCs
2. Maximum amount of CO₂ is transported by Plasma as Bicarbonates
3. Plasma transports both CO₂ and O₂
4. All of the above

A __________is obtained when percentage saturation of Hb with O₂ is plotted against the pO₂.
(1)J shaped curve
(2)Sigmoid Curve
(3)Exponential curve
(4)None of these

How many of the following factors are favourable for the shifting  of Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation Curve to the left side
low pO_2, high pCO₂, more H⁺ Concentration, Higher temperature, High pO_2, Low pCO₂, less H⁺ Concentration, lower temperature.
1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6

Aortic arch and carotid artery receptors cannot recognise changes in
1. CO_2­ Concentration
2. O_2­ Concentration
3. H⁺ ions Concentration
4. All of these

How many of the statements given below are correct?
I. During inspiration the diaphragm moves upward while the thorax expands and moves outward.
II. The anatomical dead space represents the air that is trapped in the alveoli and is around 150mL.
III. Decreasing blood oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide cause the major increases seen in breathing rate during strenuous exercise.
IV. Oxygen dissociates faster from hemoglobin during exercise.
V. Increased pH shifts oxyHb-dissociation curve to the right.
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5